© Sociedad Española de Malacología Iberus, 30 (2): 89-96, 2012 A new species of Phorcus (Vetigastropoda, Trochidae) from the Cape Verde Islands Una nueva especie de Phorcus (Vetigastropoda, Trochidae) del archi- piélago de Cabo Verde José TEMPLADO* and Emilio ROLÁN** Recibido el 13-III-2012. Aceptado el 24-V-2012 ABSTRACT A recent molecular study has shown that the well-known intertidal Cape Verde topshell, previ- ously identified as Osilinus punctulatus, O. tamsi or O. atratus, is a distinct undescribed species (DONALD,PRESTON,WILLIAMS,REID,WINNER,ALVAREZ,BUGE,HAWKINS,TEMPLADO &SPENCER, 2012). Therefore we describe it here as new for science and compare it to the closest species. RESUMEN Un estudio reciente basado en técnicas moleculares ha demostrado que la especie intermareal de las islas de Cabo Verde previamente identificada como Osilinus punctulatus, O. tamsi u O. atratus, es en realidad una especie diferente no descrita (DONALD,PRESTON,WILLIAMS, REID,WINNER,ALVAREZ,BUGE,HAWKINS,TEMPLADO &SPENCER, 2012). Por lo tanto, la des- cribimos aquí como nueva para la ciencia y la comparamos con las especies más próximas. INTRODUCTION The more important and common al- logically (HICKMAN &MCLEAN, 1990) gal grazers of intertidal rocky sea-shores and genetically (DONALD,KENNEDY AND of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and SPENCER, 2005) distinct from Monodonta Mediterranean Sea are limpets (of the and, based on molecular evidence, Osili- genera Patella and Cymbula), winkles (of nus has recently been moved into the the genera Littorina, Melarhaphe and subfamily Cantharidinae, separate from Echinolittorina) and topshells (of the gen- the Monodontinae and Trochinae (WI- era Gibbula and Phorcus). The genus LLIAMS,DONALD,SPENCER &NAKANO, Phorcus has been recently redefined 2010). Species classification within Osili- (DONALD ET AL., 2012) to include species nus has also been unstable. NORDSIECK previously under the genus names Mon- (1982) recognised 16 species in the odonta or Osilinus. The classification of northeastern Atlantic and Mediter- Osilinus has been historically confused, ranean Sea, whereas BECK (1995) syn- with species often included within the onymized many of these species, reduc- genus Monodonta (GOFAS &JABAUD, ing the total number to nine, and later 1997), in the Gibbulini tribe of the sub- CROTHERS (2001) recognised six species. family Trochinae (HICKMAN &MCLEAN, On the other hand, GOFAS &JABAUD 1990). Nevertheless, Osilinus is morpho- (1997) restored the genus Phorcus Risso, * Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain ** Museo de Historia Natural, Campus Universitario Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain 89 Iberus, 30 (2), 2012 1826, restricted to the Mediterranean, to from Cape Verde must also be consid- include O. mutabilis and the type species ered a different species since it is sister commonly referred as Gibbula richardi, to the punctulatus/lineatus sister pair in and they pointed out their close rela- the phylogeny obtained by DONALD ET tionships to Osilinus Philippi, 1847. Re- AL. (2012). cently, a complete molecular phylogeny The Cape Verde Phorcus species is a of the Osilinus/Phorcus group (DONALD well-known and quite common topshell ET AL., 2012) recognizes nine species in a in the intertidal rocky coasts of this single genus Phorcus (older name than archipelago, previously identified as Osilinus), distributed from the Mediter- Monodonta punctulata, M. tamsii or Osili- ranean Sea to the coasts of West Africa, nus atratus. In the first faunal list of mainland western Europe, Britain and Cape Verde archipelago by ROCHEBRUNE Ireland and several Macaronesian Is- (1881) this species appeared as Mono- lands, including Madeira, Selvagens, donta punctulata, and this author com- Canaries and Cape Verde (it is absent mented that it is the same species pre- from the Azores). The nine species sent in Senegal. NOBRE (1900) recorded (these authors consider each represents this species under the name Monodonta a divergent lineage) are the following: P. tamsi Dunker, 1845, and the same name richardi (Payraudeau, 1826), P. mutabilis was employed by MARCHE-MARCHAD (Philippi, 1846), P. articulatus (Lamarck, (1956). Latter, in the first monograph on 1822), and P. turbinatus (Born, 1778), the molluscan fauna of this archipelago, from the Mediterranean, P. lineatus (Da BURNAY &MONTEIRO (1977) used again Costa, 1778) and P. sauciatus (Koch, the name Monodonta punctulata 1845), from Atlantic European coasts, Lamarck, 1822, while NORDSIECK (1974) the last extending to the northeastern considered Osilinus atratus the species African coast and to Madeira and Ca- from Canary and Cape Verde Islands. nary Islands, P. atratus (Wood, 1828), ex- GARCÍA-TALAVERA &BACALLADO (1981) clusive from Madeira and Canaries, P. repeated once more the name M. tamsii punctulatus (Lamark, 1822), from Se- and, in opposition, COSEL (1982a, 1982b, negal (West Africa), and an additional 1982c) and BUYS (1991) used M. punctu- species endemic to the Cape Verde Is- lata followed by GARCÍA-TALAVERA lands. The taxon Osilinus atratus sal- (1999). Finally, in recent monographs on vagensis Talavera, 1978, from Selvagens the molluscs of the Cape Verde Islands Islands, was not included in the phylo- by GUERREIRO &REINER (2000) and genetic study of DONALD ET AL. (2012) ROLÁN (2005) the names Monodonta and its taxonomic status should be clari- atrata or Osilinus atratus, respectively, fied. were used, and HERNÁNDEZ,ROLÁN & According to DONALD ET AL. (2012), SWINNEN (2011) consider this species to the Phorcus species from the Cape Verde be present in Madeira, Canaries and Islands, the mainland P. lineatus, from Cape Verde Islands. Atlantic European coasts, and P. punctu- Since the molecular data demon- latus, from West Africa, are very close strate that the Cape Verde Phorcus is a genetically. However, P. punctulatus and distinct species (DONALD ET AL. 2012), P. lineatus differ substantially in both and if there is no available old name for colour pattern of the shell and geo- it, it needs a name and should be graphic range. Shells of the former have described formally. That is the aim of a characteristic pattern of lines of white this work. So, we complete here our pre- spots, which are absent in the later, and vious paper on new species of Trochidae there is a geographical discontinuity from the Cape Verde Archipelago between the two clades due to the long (ROLÁN &TEMPLADO, 2001). The species sandy coastline of southern Morocco here described is not rare and unknown, and Mauritania. Consequently, if P. lin- but a common and well-known species eatus and P. punctulatus are considered previously confused with others. Hence, to be separate species, then Phorcus sp. it is now necessary to look for morpho- 90 TEMPLADO AND ROLÁN: A new species of Phorcus from the Cape Verde Islands logical characters that distinguish this Cape Verde Islands the studied live undescribed species from the others of material of Phorcus mariae spec. nov., the same genus. and Ramón Gómez provided specimens of P. atratus from Canaries for compari- son. MATERIAL AND METHODS Abbreviations: Many shells and living specimens collected by the second author in several MHNS= Museo de Historia Natural de campaigns (now in the malacological Santiago de Compostela. collection of the Museo de Historia NHMUK= Natural History Museum of Natural de Santiago de Compostela) London. have been studied. In addition, the MNCN= Museo Nacional de Ciencias material of Atlantic species of the genus Naturales, Madrid. Phorcus in the malacological collection MNHN= Museum national d’Histoire of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Nat- naturelle, Paris. urales of Madrid has been examined. s= empty shell. Besides, Ramiro Fiadeiro collected in the spms= specimens with soft parts. SYSTEMATIC PART Genus Phorcus Risso, 1826 Phorcus mariae spec. nov. (Figs. 1-14, 19-21) Type material: Holotype (s) (Figs. 1-4) and 10 paratypes (spms) (in MNCN, number 15.05/60049). Other paratypes in the following institutions: MNHN (25142, 10 spms), MHNS (100570, 5 spms), NHMUK(20120147-20120151, 5 spms), all from Sal-Rei y Ervatão, Boavista Island, Cape Verde Archipelago. Other material examined: 5 spms from Maio (MHNS); 10 s from Santiago (MHNS); 12 s from Sal (MHNS), Cape Verde Islands; 55 s in three different boxes in the Hidalgo’ collection (MNCN) from Cape Verde Islands (without specifying the particular locality or island), and originally identified as Trochus tamsii Dunker, 1858. Type locality: Sal-Rei, Boavista Island, Cape Verde Archipelago. Etymology: The name is after Maria Templado, daughter of the first author, for her constant support and companionship to both authors on many trips. Description: Shell (Figs. 1-12) of white. The ovoid white blotches are clearly medium size, trochiform, solid, not bril- aligned spirally.Aperture wide, the exter- liant, dark in colour. Protoconch always nal lip simple, sharp; interior iridescent; strongly eroded in adult; examined in a columella slightly prosocline, showing a juvenile (Fig. 19): it is whitish, with one quite elevated fold; umbilicus almost whorl. Teleoconch begins with spiral cords closed. separated by narrower interspaces. The Dimensions: holotype 23.4 x 19.7 adults have about 5 whorls, difficult to see mm. The largest shells reach 25 mm in due to erosion of the spire. The contour of maximum dimension. the whorls forms a distinct sharp angle at Soft parts of the animal (Fig. 20) with about half the height of each whorl. The the head very dark (almost black). The colour is dark, grayish brown, sometimes lateral sides of the foot have a black back- almost black, the base and the columella ground with minute orange tubercles are white. Numerous and variable flame- aligned horizontally. The snout is almost like white stripes departing from the black with dark orange lines. The base of suture. Near the suture, a stronger cord is the foot is dark green. The cephalic tenta- present, which is also regularly striped in cles are black with lighter rings alternat- 91 Iberus, 30 (2), 2012 1 3 2 5 4 6 7 9 8 Figures 1-9.