MOBILE BROADBAND TRANSFORMATION LTE TO 5G August 2016 Copyright ©2016 Rysavy Research, LLC. All rights reserved. http://www.rysavy.com Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 4 TRANSFORMATION ................................................................................................... 7 EXPLODING DEMAND ............................................................................................... 9 Smartphones and Tablets ........................................................................................ 9 Application Innovation ........................................................................................... 10 Internet of Things ................................................................................................. 11 Video Streaming ................................................................................................... 11 Cloud Computing .................................................................................................. 12 5G Data Drivers ................................................................................................... 12 Global Mobile Adoption .......................................................................................... 12 THE PATH TO 5G ..................................................................................................... 16 Expanding Use Cases ............................................................................................ 16 1G to 5G Evolution ............................................................................................... 17 4G LTE Advances .................................................................................................. 20 5G Use Cases (ITU and 3GPP) ................................................................................ 24 5G Technical Objectives ......................................................................................... 26 5G Concepts and Architectures ............................................................................... 27 Information-Centric Networking .............................................................................. 35 5G Phased Release ............................................................................................... 36 3GPP Releases ..................................................................................................... 38 SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES AND ARCHITECTURES ............................................. 41 Types of Cells ...................................................................................................... 41 Smalls Cells and Heterogeneous Networks ............................................................... 42 Neutral-Host Small Cells ........................................................................................ 44 Unlicensed Spectrum Integration ............................................................................ 45 Internet of Things and Machine-to-Machine .............................................................. 49 Smart Antennas and MIMO .................................................................................... 50 Virtualization ....................................................................................................... 51 Mobile-Edge Computing ......................................................................................... 53 Fixed Mobile Convergence and IMS ......................................................................... 53 Multicast and Broadcast ......................................................................................... 54 VOLTE, RCS, WEBRTC, AND WI-FI CALLING ........................................................... 55 Voice Support and VoLTE ....................................................................................... 55 Rich Communications Suite .................................................................................... 55 WebRTC .............................................................................................................. 57 Wi-Fi Calling ........................................................................................................ 57 PUBLIC SAFETY ...................................................................................................... 58 LTE Features for Public Safety ................................................................................ 58 Deployment Schedule and Approaches ..................................................................... 60 Device Considerations for Public Safety .................................................................... 61 EXPANDING CAPACITY ........................................................................................... 63 SPECTRUM DEVELOPMENTS .................................................................................... 67 AWS-3 ................................................................................................................ 69 Broadcast Incentive Auction (600 MHz) .................................................................... 70 3550 to 3700 MHz “Small-Cell” Band ....................................................................... 70 2.5 GHz Band ....................................................................................................... 71 5G Bands ............................................................................................................ 71 Harmonization ...................................................................................................... 73 Unlicensed Spectrum ............................................................................................. 75 Spectrum Sharing ................................................................................................. 76 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 80 APPENDIX: TECHNOLOGY DETAILS ........................................................................ 81 3GPP Releases ..................................................................................................... 81 Data Throughput Comparison ................................................................................. 83 Latency Comparison .............................................................................................. 88 Spectral Efficiency ................................................................................................ 89 Data Consumed by Video ....................................................................................... 96 Spectrum Bands ................................................................................................... 97 LTE and LTE-Advanced ........................................................................................ 100 LTE-Advanced Terminology ............................................................................... 100 OFDMA and Scheduling .................................................................................... 101 LTE Smart Antennas ........................................................................................ 103 LTE-Advanced Antenna Technologies .................................................................. 107 Carrier Aggregation ......................................................................................... 111 Coordinated Multi Point (CoMP) ......................................................................... 116 User-Plane Congestion Management (UPCON) ..................................................... 119 Network-Assisted Interference Cancellation and Suppression (NAICS) ..................... 119 Multi-User Superposition Transmission (MUST) .................................................... 119 IPv4/IPv6 ....................................................................................................... 119 TDD Harmonization .......................................................................................... 120 SMS in LTE ..................................................................................................... 121 User Equipment Categories ............................................................................... 121 LTE-Advanced Relays ....................................................................................... 122 Proximity Services (Device-to-Device) ................................................................ 122 LTE Throughput .................................................................................................. 123 VoLTE and RCS .................................................................................................. 130 Internet of Things and Machine-to-Machine ............................................................ 135 Heterogeneous Networks and Small Cells ............................................................... 137 Enhanced Intercell Interference Coordination ....................................................... 141 Dual Connectivity ............................................................................................ 146 Cloud Radio-Access Network (RAN) and Network Virtualization .................................. 148 Unlicensed Spectrum Integration .......................................................................... 152 Release 6 I-WLAN ............................................................................................ 153 Release 8 Dual Stack Mobile