Short-Term Water Management Decisions User Needs for Improved Climate, Weather, and Hydrologic Information Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) January 2013 Technical Report 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Short-Term Water Management Decisions: 5b. GRANT NUMBER User Needs for Improved Climate, Weather, and Hydrologic Information 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER David Raff, Levi Brekke, Kevin Werner, Andy Wood, and Kathleen White 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Bureau of Reclamation CWTS 2013-1 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Available from the National Technical Information Service Operations Division, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield VA 22161 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT This report is the second in a series of reports by the Climate Change and Water Working Group that identifies how to improve supporting information for water resources management decisionmaking, motivated by potential climate change impacts on water resources. Adapting to these impacts includes potential enhancements in water resources management decisions over the short term (less than 5 years) through improvements in monitoring and predicting hydrology, weather, and climate and through better use of currently available information. This report identifies how Federal agencies, along with state, local, tribal, and nongovernmental organizations and agencies, are working together to identify and respond to the needs of water resources management in the changing climate. The report describes short-term water management decision processes within U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), including how decisions are influenced by assumptions of short-term climate, weather, and hydrologic information. An operator use assessment characterized current information uses by USACE and Reclamation within their short-term water resource management activities. This assessment provides a foundation for identifying opportunities based on user needs and gaps in the currently available information. Needs are identified within four categories: Monitoring Product Needs, Forecast Product Needs, Understanding and Utilizing Information in Water Management, and Information Services Enterprise. 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code) U U U U 256 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18 Short-Term Water Management Decisions: User Needs for Improved Climate, Weather and Hydrologic Information Authors: David Raff, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources Levi Brekke, Bureau of Reclamation, Research and Development Office Kevin Werner, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – National Weather Service, Colorado Basin River Forecast Center Andy Wood, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – National Weather Service, Northwest River Forecast Center Kathleen White, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources Prepared by and for: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Bureau of Reclamation National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration CWTS 2013-1 ii Abstract This report is the second in a series of reports by the Climate Change and Water Working Group that identifies how to improve supporting information for water resources management decisionmaking, motivated by potential climate change impacts on water resources. Adapting to these impacts includes potential enhancements in water resources management decisions over the short term (less than 5 years) through improvements in monitoring and predicting hydrology, weather, and climate and through better use of currently available information. This report identifies how Federal agencies, along with state, local, tribal, and nongovernmental organizations and agencies, are working together to identify and respond to the needs of water resources management in the changing climate. The report describes short-term water management decision processes within U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), including how decisions are influenced by assumptions of short-term climate, weather, and hydrologic information. An operator use assessment characterized current information uses by USACE and Reclamation within their short-term water resource management activities. This assessment provides a foundation for identifying opportunities based on user needs and gaps in the currently available information. Needs are identified within four categories: Monitoring Product Needs, Forecast Product Needs, Understanding and Utilizing Information in Water Management, and Information Services Enterprise. CWTS 2013-1 iii CWTS 2013-1 v Acknowledgments Executive Sponsors Bureau of Reclamation Michael Gabaldon – Director, Technical Resources Curt Brown, Director – Research and Development Office U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Steven Stockton – Director of Civil Works Robert Pietrowsky – Director of Institute for Water Resources James C. Dalton – Chief, Engineering and Construction Theodore A. Brown – Chief, Planning and Policy NOAA National Weather Service Gary Carter – Director, Office of Hydrologic Development Wayne Higgins – Director, Climate Prediction Center William Neff – Director, Physical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory Reclamation Reviews Provided by: Reservoir operations groups from Reclamation’s Great Plains, Lower Colorado, Mid-Pacific, Pacific Northwest, and Upper Colorado Regions USACE Reviews Provided by: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Coastal Community of Practice Corps Water Management System Advisor Group NOAA Reviews Provided by: Northwest Central River Forecast Center Ohio River Forecast Center CWTS 2013-1 vi National Climatic Data Center Pacific River Forecast Center Independent reviews, perspectives in this report by representatives from the following organizations: Non-Federal organizations: Central Arizona Water Conservation District Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Southern Nevada Water Authority Oregon Water Resources Congress Northwest Power and Conservation Council Western States Water Council Salt River Project Water Utilities Climate Alliance Family Farm Alliance Colorado Water Conservation Board Association of State Dam Safety Officials Other Federal water and water-related management organizations: Natural Resources Conservation Service NOAA Office of Hydrologic Development CWTS 2013-1 vii Executive Summary Background The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) recognize that there is a critical need to identify potential enhancements in the development and use of monitoring and forecast information within short-term water resources management beyond the use of current hydroclimatic information (i.e., weather, climate, and water). Reclamation, USACE, and NOAA, along with the United States Geological Survey (USGS), formed an interagency working group, called the Climate Change and Water Working Group (CCAWWG), in 2007 (www.ccawwg.us). The group focuses on scientific collaborations to support water resources management in the changing climate. The scientific collaborations guide future policies, methods, and technologies by building on the foundation established by the 2009 USGS Circular 1331, Climate Change and Water Resources Management: A Federal Perspective. CCAWWG is identifying, in an iterative and ongoing fashion, both the needs of the water resource management agencies in the changing climate and the opportunities to address these needs. CCAWWG is accomplishing this objective through a strategy that identifies two critical timeframes of water resources management: short term and long term. Short term is defined in these reports as being relevant to management or decision outlook horizons of less than 5 years; long term pertains to longer outlooks. These timeframes are not independent. For example, short-term water resources management exists within a long-term planning and management framework that establishes the