The following supplement accompanies the article Characterization of forage fish and invertebrates in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands using fatty acid signatures: species and ecological groups Jacinthe Piché1,*, Sara J. Iverson1, Frank A. Parrish2, Robert Dollar2 1Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J1, Canada 2Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, 2570 Dole Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA *Email: [email protected] Marine Ecology Progress Series 418:1–15 (2010) Supplement 1. Summary FA data and detailed information on collection location, and ecological evaluations from the literature for all species analyzed Table S1. Collection location for the 100 species of fish and invertebrate analyzed. MHI: Main Hawaiian Islands, FFS: French Frigate Shoals, GP: Gardner Pinnacles, MR: Maro Reef, Smt 111: Mid-Pacific Seamount 11 (18.49°N, 177.99°W), CSM: Cross Seamount (18.7°N, 158.3°W), Unk: unknown collection location. Species Name Common Family Group MHI Niihau Nihoa Necker FFS GP MR Laysan Midway Smt CSM Unk Total Name 11 Abudefduf Hawaiian Pomacentridae damselfishes 11 9 20 abdominalis sergeant Abudefduf blackspot Pomacentridae damselfishes 6 15 21 sordidus sargeant Abudefduf Indo-Pacific Pomacentridae damselfishes 16 16 vaigiensis sergeant Acanthurus achilles Acanthuridae surgeonfishes 20 20 achilles tang & unicornfishes Acanthurus eyestripe Acanthuridae surgeonfishes 16 16 dussumieri surgeonfish & unicornfishes Acanthurus whitebar Acanthuridae surgeonfishes 9 13 22 leucopareius surgeonfish & unicornfishes Acanthurus bluelined Acanthuridae surgeonfishes 14 6 20 nigroris surgeonfish & unicornfishes Acanthurus orangeband Acanthuridae surgeonfishes 10 10 20 olivaceus surgeonfish & unicornfishes Acanthurus convict Acanthuridae surgeonfishes 15 5 20 triostegus tang & unicornfishes Anampses pearl Labridae wrasses 16 4 20 cuvier wrasse Antigonia boarfish Pentacerotidae armourheads 10 10 capros & boarfishes Antigonia boarfish Pentacerotidae armourheads 10 10 eos & boarfishes Apogon spotted Apogonidae cardinalfishes 11 4 3 18 maculiferus cardinalfish Ariosoma big-eye Congridae conger & 11 13 2 26 marginatum conger garden eels Bembrops duck-billed Percophidae duckbills 19 19 filifera bembropsid Bodianus Hawaiian Labridae wrasses 6 14 20 bilunulatus hogfish Bothus flowery Bothidae lefteye 15 1 16 mancus flounder flounders Bothus panther Bothidae lefteye 39 36 75 pantherinus flounder flounders Bothus Thompson's Bothidae lefteye 19 6 25 thompsoni flounder flounders Calappa two-horned Calappidae box crab 10 13 23 bicornis box crab Calappa smooth Calappidae box crab 16 8 12 36 calappa box crab Callionymus longtail Callionymidae dragonets 1 19 20 decoratus dragonet Canthigaster crown Tetraodontidae puffers 2 2 13 3 20 coronata toby Canthigaster Hawaiian Tetraodontidae puffers 10 7 7 24 jactator whitespotted toby Canthigaster maze Tetraodontidae puffers 2 8 6 16 rivulata toby Carpilius convex Xanthidae xanthid crab 8 9 4 21 convexus pebble crab Centropyge Potter's Pomacanthidae angelfishes 19 1 20 potteri angelfish Chaetodon bluestripe Chaetodontidae butterflyfishes 12 7 3 22 fremblii butterflyfish Chaetodon milletseed Chaetodontidae butterflyfishes 18 9 27 miliaris butterflyfish Chaetodon multiband Chaetodontidae butterflyfishes 19 19 multicinctus butterflyfish Chaetodon ornate Chaetodontidae butterflyfishes 20 20 ornatissimus butterflyfish Chaetodon four spot Chaetodontidae butterflyfishes 20 20 quadrimaculatus butterflyfish Charybdis Hawaiian Portunidae true crab 9 5 10 5 29 hawaiiensis swimming crab Chlorurus spectacled Scaridae parrotfishes 22 22 perspicillatus parrotfish Chlorurus bullethead Scaridae parrotfishes 19 19 sordidus parrotfish Chromis oval Pomacentridae damselfishes 17 4 21 ovalis chromis Conger moustache Congridae conger & 13 1 6 20 cinereus conger garden eels Coris lined Labridae wrasses 9 1 6 16 ballieui coris Coris yellowstriped Labridae wrasses 20 20 flavovittata coris Ctenochaetus goldring Acanthuridae surgeonfishes 16 16 strigosus surgeonfish & unicornfishes Cymolutes Hawaiian Labridae wrasses 2 10 11 23 lecluse knifefish Dactyoptena helmut Dactylopteridae helmut 4 20 24 orientalis gurnard gurnards Dascyllus Hawaiian Pomacentridae damselfishes 3 14 3 20 albisella dascyllus Etelis squirrelfish Lutjanidae snappers 10 9 2 21 carbunculus snapper Forcipiger forcepfish Chaetodontidae butterflyfishes 26 26 flavissimus Gymnothorax whitemargin Muraenidae morays 11 9 20 albimarginatus moray Gymnothorax Berndt's Muraenidae morays 8 2 9 1 20 berndti moray Gymnothorax stout Muraenidae morays 7 1 4 2 14 eurostus moray Gymnothorax yellowmargin Muraenidae morays 11 8 19 flavimarginatus moray Gymnothorax whitemouth Muraenidae morays 10 7 1 18 meleagris moray Gymnothorax Steindachner's Muraenidae morays 12 6 7 25 steindachneri moray Gymnothorax undulated Muraenidae morays 5 5 9 19 undulatus moray Heniochus pennantfish Chaetodontidae butterflyfishes 12 12 12 36 diphreutes Heterocarpus two-spined Pandalidae shrimp 11 20 31 ensifer shrimp Heterocarpus red-tipped Pandalidae shrimp 19 20 39 laevigatus shrimp Inistius peacock Labridae wrasses 4 4 2 5 15 pavo razorfish Inistius blackside Labridae wrasses 9 9 1 19 umbrilatus razorfish Kyphosus gray Kyphosidae rudderfishes 19 19 bigibbus chub & sea chubs Kyphosus lowfin Kyphosidae rudderfishes 19 19 vaigiensis chub & sea chubs Lutjanus bluestripe Lutjanidae snappers 15 7 22 kasmira snapper Malacanthus flagtail Malacanthidae tilefishes 3 11 2 16 brevirostris tilefish Meadia Abyssal Synaphobranchidae cutthroat eels 19 19 abyssalis cutthroat eel Melichthys black Balistidae triggerfishes 20 20 niger triggerfish Mulloidichthys yellowstripe Mullidae goatfishes 19 2 21 flavolineatus goatfish Mulloidichthys yellowfin Mullidae goatfishes 1 19 20 vanicolensis goatfish Myripristis bigscale Holocentridae soldierfishes& 2 16 2 20 berndti soldierfish squirrelfishes Naso orangespine Acanthuridae surgeonfishes 19 19 lituratus unicornfish & unicornfishes Naso bluespine Acanthuridae surgeonfishes 1 18 19 unicornis unicornfish & unicornfishes Octopus Hawaiian day Octopodidae octopus 3 7 3 13 cyanea octopus Octopus ornate Octopodidae octopus 2 2 4 ornatus octopus Octopus sp. unidentified Octopodidae octopus 1 1 15 5 1 23 octopus Ophichthus snake eel Ophichthidae snake eels & 20 20 kunaloa worm eels Ophidion black edged Ophidiidae brotulas & 11 6 3 20 muraenolepis cusk eel cusk eels Oxycheilinus ringtail Labridae wrasses 19 19 unifasciatus wrasse Panulirus spiny lobster Palinuridae spiny lobster 5 23 6 10 16 60 marginatus Panulirus spiny lobster - Palinuridae spiny lobster 11 11 marginatus tails only Parapercis redspotted Pinguipedidae sandperches 1 17 18 schauinslandii sandperch Parupeneus doublebar Mullidae goatfishes 3 16 19 bifasciatus goatfish Parupeneus yellowbarbel Mullidae goatfishes 19 19 chrysonemus goatfish Parupeneus manybar Mullidae goatfishes 11 9 20 multifasciatus goatfish Parupeneus sidespot Mullidae goatfishes 12 2 1 3 1 19 pleurostigma goatfish Polymixia berndti Berndt's Polymixiidae beardfish 15 5 20 beardfish Priacanthus Forskal's Priacanthidae bigeyes 11 7 1 1 20 alalaua bigeye Priacanthus Hawaiian Priacanthidae bigeyes 20 20 meeki bigeye Pristipomoides pink Lutjanidae snappers 16 8 24 filamentosus snapper Pristipomoides flower Lutjanidae snappers 6 13 19 zonatus snapper Pseudopentaceros armorhead Pentacerotidae armourheads 20 20 wheeleri Sargocentron Hawaiian Holocentridae soldierfishes& 10 1 6 4 21 xantherythrum squirrellfish squirrelfishes Scarus regal Scaridae parrotfishes 15 4 19 dubius parrotfish Scyllarides haanii ridgeback Scyllaridae slipper lobster 10 6 10 4 30 slipper lobster Scyllarides common Scyllaridae slipper lobster 31 12 10 8 11 72 squammosus slipper lobster Sebastapistes spotfin Scorpaenidae scorpionfishes 4 15 19 ballieui scorpionfish Stenoteuthis neon flying Ommastrephidae squid 2 1 12 15 oualaniensis squid Sufflamen lei Balistidae triggerfishes 19 19 bursa triggerfish Synodus Lobel's Synodontidae lizardfishes 20 20 lobeli lizardfish Synodus reef Synodontidae lizardfishes 2 14 3 19 variegatus lizardfish Thalassoma blacktail Labridae wrasses 3 14 2 1 20 ballieui wrasse Thalassoma saddle Labridae wrasses 18 2 20 duperry wrasse Torquigner floral Tetraodontidae puffers 6 1 10 3 20 florealis puffer Trachinocephalus snakefish Synodontidae lizardfishes 3 2 7 8 20 myops Zebrasoma yellow Acanthuridae surgeonfishes 20 20 flavescens tang & unicornfishes Total 67 27 20 418 1037 275 183 0 92 39 20 12 2190 Table S2. Fat content and fatty acid (FA) composition (mass %) of the 100 species of NWHI fish and invertebrates analyzed (n = 2190). Values are means ± SEM of 15 fatty acids (out of 74) which were the most abundant and/or exhibited the greatest variance across all species. Fishes Group 11 11 11 31 31 31 31 31 Abudefduf Abudefduf Abudefduf Acanthurus Acanthurus Acanthurus Acanthurus Acanthurus Species name abdominalis sordidus vaigiensis achilles dussumieri leucopareius nigroris olivaceus (Hawaiian (Blackspot (Indo-Pacific (Eyestripe (Whitebar (Bluelined (Orangeband (Achilles tang) Common name sergeant) sergeant) sergeant) surgeonfish) surgeonfish) surgeonfish) surgeonfish) n=20 n=21 n=16 n=20 n=16 n=22 n=20 n=20 Length (cm) 18.78 ± 1.06 15.84 ± 2.73 15.39 ± 1.20 15.93 ± 2.93 17.84 ± 3.98 15.60 ± 3.92 18.71 ± 2.01 18.05 ± 4.54 209.17 ± 191.22 ± 129.23 ± 136.08 ± 227.31 ± 182.56 ± 193.26 ± 190.90 ± Mass (g) 33.42 71.18 25.37 66.53 110.18 108.99 57.15 127.49 Lipid content (%) 2.03 ± 0.84 2.44 ± 1.13 3.42 ± 2.33 4.41 ± 2.88 2.19 ± 0.77