A JOURNAL OF GERMAN-AMERICAN HISTORY Cover: All drawings by H. C. Forman. Courtsey of the Estate of H. C. Forman. VOLUME XLIII 1996 A JOURNAL OF GERMAN-AMERICAN HISTORY PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND RANDALL DONALDSON EDITOR BALTIMORE, MARYLAND COPYRIGHT 1996 THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND P.O. Box 22585 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 21203 ISSN: 0148-7787 PARTIAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THIS VOLUME WAS PROVIDED BY THE GERMAN SOCIETY OF MARYLAND IN MEMORY OF WILLIAM H. MCCLAIN. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE EDITORIAL BOARD .................................................................................................................. 4 MEMBERS AND OFFICERS .......................................................................................................... 5 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1886-1990 ........................................................................................ 8 IN MEMORIAM, WILLIAM H. MCCLAIN, 1917-1994 ...................................................................... 11 INVITATION ............................................................................................................................ 13 GERMAN-AMERICAN ENTERPRISES AND INSTITUTIONS OF BALTIMORE: PART III BY WILLIAM H. MCCLAIN ................................................................................................ 15 TYPES OF GERMAN SURNAME CHANGES IN AMERICA By JÜRGEN EICHHOFF .................................................................................................................................................. 23 WHO WERE THE FIRST GLASSMAKERS IN ENGLISH AMERICA? BY GARY C. GRASSL ......................................................................................................... 37 THE APPRENTICE YEARS OF JACOB GROSS, SUPERINTENDENT OF THE STIEFF PIANO COMPANY, AS RECORDED IN His AUTOBIOGRAPHY BY WILLIAM H. McCLAIN AND HELEN PERRY SMITH ............................................................. 43 ROBERT REITZEL (1849-1898), LUTHERAN MINISTER, FREETHINKER, AND LIBERAL FIREBRAND BY RANDALL DONALDSON ................................................................................................. 57 CARL VON MARK: POETIC REALIST BY PETER C. MERRILL ..................................................................................................... 67 JOHN GOTTLIEB MORRIS (1803-1895): FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND BY MICHAEL J. KURTZ ...................................................................................................... 7S HESSIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE ATTACK ON FORT WASHINGTON, 1776 AND THE OCCUPATION OF NORTHERN NEW JERSEY, 1777 BY GEORGE FENWICK JONES .............................................................................................. 81 GERMAN COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE IN FREDERICK COUNTY: THE MILL POND HOUSE — DEARBOUGHT — THE HESSIAN BARRACKS BY BRIGITTE VOELKEL FESSENDEN . 91 .................................................................................... BOOK REVIEWS ..................................................................................................................... 101 CONTRIBUTORS .................................................................................................................... 103 -3- EDITORIAL BOARD RANDALL P. DONALDSON LEROY T. HOPKINS G. KENNETH HORVATH GEORGE FENWICK JONES LLESELOTTE E. KURTH ARMIN MRUCK FREDERICK S. WEISER DANIEL F. WHITEFORD ROSEMARY WITTSTADT KLAUS WUST Editorial Policy: The Society far the History of the Germans in Maryland is dedicated to the preservation and dissemination of materials pertaining to the history of the Germans in North America, particularly the state of Maryland and the mid-Atlantic region. The Report provides a forum for the discussion of scholarly issues which are central to the Society's pur- pose and invites articles which deal with any aspect of the history and culture of the Ger- man element in North America, from materials which support genealogical research (the Society itself does not undertake such research) to studies which examine the sociological, historical, or literary aspects of the German-American experience. Articles which focus on the Germans in Maryland are especially welcome. Manuscripts are accepted at any time and should be directed to the editor at the address listed below. All submissions should be made in triplicate and should contain no information which identifies the author or would other- wise prevent an anonymous review of the manuscript by members of the editorial board. Authors should include a single separate sheet identifying themselves and providing other relevant information. All submissions will be read by at least two members of the editorial board. Authors will normally receive notice of the outcome of the review process within six weeks of receipt. Accepted articles will be published in the next issue, and authors can ex- pect to see their work in print within eighteen months of the original submission. Manu- scripts should be in English and follow the form suggested by the Modern Language Associ- ation. Non-English quotations should be accompanied by an English translation. Manuscripts should be directed to: Randall Donaldson, Editor, The Report Modern Languages and Literatures Loyola College in Maryland Baltimore, MD 21210-2699 -4- MEMBERS AND OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND 1992-1995 CHARLES T. ALBERT RANDALL P. DONALDSON KATHERINE ALBRECHT DONALD F. DURNBAUGH ALBERT M. AMMANN THOMAS O. EDICK RICHARD G. ANDERSON RAYMOND A. EHRLE AMUEL NDRUSKO S M. A JÜRGEN EICHHOFF JOHN J. APPEL, JR. BARBARA EISEMAN MERLE E. ARP CLEMENT D. ERHARDT, JR. JANE K. AWALT LILA M. ERHARDT ROBERT F. AWALT JOHN C. EXTER, JR. BETTY BANDEL DORIS L. EXTER ROBERT BAUMANN JOHN F. FADER II C. RICHARD BEAM KATHRYN K. FADER GEORGE J. BEICHL BRIGITTE VOELKEL FESSENDEN ISABEL M. BEICHL NICHOLAS B. FESSENDEN DAVID BENSELER DELORIS M. FISCHER BARBARA M. BEYER ERNEST J. FISCHER O.JOHN BEYER JOHN FLAHERTY LlESELOTTE H. BlEBER RITA FLAHERTY EGON BINKERT WILLIAM A. FOGLE, JR. IRMGARD BINKERT ALLEN E. FORD RUDOLF W. BIRNBACH M. IRENE FORD CHARLES BIRNSTIEL ELFRIEDE G. FOWLER GARY BLOUGH RICHARD N. FOWLER JEAN KOLB BRANDAU WILLY W. FRÜH LAURA J. BRICKER WILLIAM T. S. BRICKER JAMES A. GEDE MARY LOUISE BROADBECK HANNA GELDRICH-LEFFMAN LORRAINE J. BROCKMEYER GERMAN GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA R. ROLAND BROCKMEYER MID-ATLANTIC GERMANIC SOCIETY BRIAN W. BROOKE MARGOT C. GIUFFRE D. WILLIAM BROOKE K, PETER GLAUBER DANDRIDGE BROOKE KENNETH RALPH GLAUBER ISOLDE BROOKE MARILYN R. GLAUBER CHARLES E. BROOKS GERTRUDE K. GOEDEKE LLOYD R. BRUCK M. THOMAS GOEDEKE SAUNA D. BRUCK CONCETTA C. GOETZINGER RICHARD N. GOETZINGER RAYMOND N. CALVERT FRANZ X. GROLL JANICE M. CARPER BETTYJ. GRUEL WILLIAM F. CASEY HARRY D. GRUEL BETTY L. CASEY KLAUS HAIN ROBERT E. CAZDEN JANE ADAMS CLARKE MARGERY W. HARRISS SHEILA D. COLE ILSE MOELLER HARROP DWIGHT COLLMUS CHARLOTTE R. HARTMEYER SERENE Q. COLLMUS CHARLOTTE F. HASSLINGER JEROME FRANCIS CONNELL, HARRY E. HASSLINGER SR. ELWOOD DOUGLAS HEISLER EDWARD F. COOLEY JOHN CHARLES HEISLER ALBERT J. CRAEMER MAUREEN M. HELINSKI WILLIAM M. HESSON, JR. DAVID A. DENISCH ROBERT HEYSSEL HARLEYD. DESHLER ORMOND D. HIGGINS C. LYNN DEWITT DAVID P. HIVELY EMILY NORDHOFF DICICCO GINA M. HOMER ROBERT A. DICICCO KENNETH H. HOMER, JR. CLAYTON A. DIETRICH LEROY T. HOPKINS MARGARET A. DIETRICH -5- G. KENNETH HORVATH THOMAS J. MURPHY III MICHAEL R. HUBER GARY E. MYER M. LOIs HUFFINES MARGARET E. MYERS THOMAS B. INSLEY, SR. MARLENE E. NAEGELE RICHARD NAEGELE KAREN M.JOHNSON-WIENER LARRY M.NEFF GEORGE FENWICK JONES ELISABETH JORDAN MARY OBBINK PETER F. JORDAN* ALFRED OBERNBERGER GEORGE B. JUNGHANS DOROTHY E. OTTER HERBERT G. OTTER, SR. DONALD G. KAMMERER H. J. SIEGFRIED OTTO JANICE KAMMERER A. BARBEL OTTO BARBARA W. KINGSTON WILLIAM JAMES KINGSTON GERD H. PETRICH ELIZABETH D. KINSLEY JOHN W. PFEIFER REUBEN CLARK KINSLEY WALTRAUD S. PFEIFER HARRY W. KLASMEIER PHILIP E. PFEIFFER, JR. FREDERICK P. KLAUS JOHN POTTHAST SUE ANN NORDHOFF KLAUS CONSTANCE F. POTTHAST THOMAS E. KLUG THEODORE J. POTTHAST, JR. INGEBORG B. KNIGHT THEODORE J. POTTHAST, SR. CALVIN KERN KOBSA JAMES W. POULTNEY* NICHOLAS J. KOHLERMAN HERMINE E. PRAHL JUNE KOHLMAN FRANCIS W. PRAMSCHUFER Louis H. KOHLMAN M. ELLEN PRAMSCHUFER DAVID Koss DAVID J. PRELLER, JR. HERTHA KROTKOFF DAVID J. PRELLER, SR. LlESELOTTE E. KURTH WILLIAM RAMSEUR MICHAEL J. KURTZ HELEN L. RANGEL LANCASTER Co. HISTORICAL SOCIETY LIBRARY THOMAS REIMER DENNIS C. LANDIS GUENTER E. REINSBERG JOSEPH LANG MARION L. REINSBERG NORMAN W. LAUENSTEIN WALTER A. REITER.JR. JACQUELINE R. LESSER WILLIAM F. RENNER RICHARD LINDENBERG VERBRAUNIA RHODES HAROLD S. LINK LAVERNJ. RIPPLEY MARY Jo A. LINK JOHN A. ROBINSON ROBERT J. LITTLE LEWIS B. ROHRBACH E. ELIZABETH LITZINGER R. GARY ROOP ALBERT L. LONG JOEL ROPPELT PAUL A. LUDTKE* MAY ROSWELL ROBERT H. RUPPRECHT ANGELA D. MAENNER* C. PAUL MAENNER GEORGE F. SANDER, JR. IRVINJ. MARLEY WILLIAM DONALD SCHAEFER MAUREEN O. MARTELLO PAUL SCHAFER ARTHUR R. MASON DIETRICH SCHAUPP MARYG. MASON MARIE A. SCHEFFEL ANN HARDIGG MATHEWS VERNON L. SCHEFFEL L. BRENT MATHEWS LEO SCHELBERT WILLIAM H. MCCLAIN REGINA M. SCHEYDT ELLEN C. MERRILL AUSTIN F. SCHILDWACHTER ELFRIEDE M. METZLER VOLKER K. SCHMEISSNER RANDALL M. MILLER ERNESTINE SCHMIDT ANNE F. MOELLER C. EUGENE SCHMIDT KARL E. MOELLER JOHN GORDON SCHMIDT CHARLOTTE M. MONAGHAN Louis E. SCHMIDT CATHERINE G. MOTZ WILLIAM D. SCHMIDT,