VALUE OF TOLERANCE IN GINA PRINCE’S THE SECRET LIFE OF BEES MOVIE (2008): A MARXIST APPROACH RESEARCH PAPER Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting the Bachelor Degree of Educations in English Department By: YENI CAHYANINGSIH A 320 060 265 SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2011 ii iii TESTIMONY Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the previous literary work which has been conducted in obtaining bachelor degree of university, and also there are no masterpieces which have been written or published by others, except those in writing are referred in the manuscript and mentioned in the literature review and bibliography. Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this testimony, I will fully be responsible. Surakarta, October 2012 Yeni Cahyaningsih A 320 060 265 iv MOTTO Always remember that the future comes one day at time (Deon Acheson) The man who says he never has time is the laziest man (Lichtenberg) I want to be a hero even though it’s just only for my parents (The Writer) v DEDICATION This research paper is Whole-heartedly dedicated to: Allah SWT, the lord of the universe My beloved parents My family My life My best friends My idol And my future vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Allah SWT, the merciful and compassionate for all blessing and divine guidance during the preparation until the accomplishment of this paper. I realize that in arranging this research paper, I got help, support and encouragement from others. I would like to convey my deepest thank to all persons who have helped me totally both direct and indirect in accomplishing this research paper. Therefore, I would like to express my thanks to: 1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.si, Dean of School of Teacher Training and Education. 2. Titis Setyabudi,S.S, M.Hum as Head of English Department in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, And as the second consultant who had given correction, suggestion and advice patiently and wisely. 3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed as the writer’s Academic Consultant of Teacher Training and Education and as the first consultant who has guided and advices patiently during arranged this research paper. 4. Giri Lumakto, S.Pd as the third consultant who had given correction, suggestion and advice patiently and wisely. 5. My beloved parents, who always supports, gives attention, prays and always have given to me everything. 6. My niece (Alysa, Puput, Pipit and Early) thanks for their support. vii 7. My best friends, Ayuk Dodoy, Lilik Aryanti, Triska Norma, Ririn Airin, Johar Diah, Dwi Kurnia, Sovia Rahma, Dwi Christina, Aminah, Ike Widi, Yanata FU, Ateng, Punk Joel, Bintoro and Jumiyem who have supported me in every need. 8. My Idol (Kotak, Simple Plan, TRIAD and Prinzes Icez Amanda), who have inspire me every time. Hopefully this research paper will be useful for those who want to study literature. I realize that the research paper is still for from being perfect. Therefore supportive criticism and suggestion are really hoped and badly needed to make this research paper better. Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Surakarta, October 2012 Yeni Cahyaningsih viii TABLE OF CONTENT Page PAGE OF TITLE…………………………………………………………. i APPROVAL.................................................................................................. ii ACCEPTANCE……………………………………………………………. iii TESTIMONY……………………………………………………………… iv MOTTO……………………………………………………………………. v DEDICATION…………………………………………………………….. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………….. vii TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………… ix TABLE OF PICTURES…………………………………………………… xiv SUMMARY………………………………………………………………... xvii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION……………………………………….. 1 A. Background of Study………………………………… 1 B. Literature Review……………………………………. 7 C. Problem Statement…………………………………… 9 D. Limitation of the Study………………………………. 9 E. Objective of the Study……………………………….. 9 F. Benefit of Study……………………………………… 10 G. Research Method…………………………………….. 10 H. Research Organization……………………………….. 11 ix CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY……………………………….. 13 A. Notion of Marxism…………………………………… 13 B. Principle of Marxism…………………………………. 14 1. Dialectical Materialism…………………………. 14 2. Historical Materialism………………………….. 15 3. Alienation …………………………………….. 16 4. Class Struggle...…………………………………….. 17 5. Revolution………………………………………. 17 C. Value of Tolerance……………………………………. 18 1. Notion of Tolerance…………………………….. 18 2. Aspect of Tolerance…………………………….. 18 a. Permitting or Allowing…………………… 18 b. A Conduct or Point of View……………… 19 c. Respecting the person in the process……… 19 3. Characteristics of Tolerance……………………. 19 D. Structural Elements of the Movie…………………….. 20 1. Narrative Elements……………………………… 20 a. Character and Characterization…………… 20 b. Plot……………………………………….. 20 c. Setting……………………………………. 21 d. Point of View…………………………….. 22 e. Theme……………………………………. 22 2. Technical Elements…………………………….. 23 x a. Mise-en-Scene……………………………. 23 b. Cinematography………………………….. 26 c. Sound…………………………………….... 29 d. Editing…………………………………….. 29 e. Casting……………………………………... 30 E. Theoretical Application………………………………. 31 CHAPTER III SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF UNITED STATES SOCIETY IN THE MIDDLE OF TWENTIETH CENTURY ………………………………………………… 32 A. Social Aspect…………………………………………. 32 1. Social Structures………………………………… 32 2. Social Status…………………………………….. 33 3. Social Stratification…………………………….. 34 4. Ethnic Relation…………………………………. 34 5. Urbanization or Migration……………………… 35 6. Segregation in America………………………… 36 B. Economic Aspect…………………………………….. 37 C. Political Aspect……………………………………… 38 D. Science and Technology Aspect……………………. 39 E. Cultural Aspect……………………………………… 40 F. Educational Aspect…………………………………. 40 G. Religious Aspect……………………………………. 41 The Life of Gina Prince Bythewood……………………… 42 xi CHAPTER IV STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE SECRET LIFE OF BEES ………………………………………………… 45 A. Structural Elements of The Secret Life of Bees…….. 45 1. Narrative Elements……………………………… 45 a. Character and Characterization…………… 45 b. Plot……………………………………….. 52 c. Setting…………………………………….. 54 d. Point of View……………………………… 57 e. Theme……………………………………... 58 2. Technical Elements……………………………… 59 a. Mise-en-Scene……………………………. 59 b. Cinematography…………………………. 66 c. Sound……………………………………… 69 d. Editing……………………………………. 69 e. Casting…………………………………… 71 B. Discussion……………………………………………. 72 CHAPTER V MARXIST ANALYSIS…………………………………… 77 A. Marxist Issues………………………………………… 77 1. Dialectical Materialism…………………………. 78 2. Historical Materialism………………………….. 80 3. Alienation………………………………………. 83 4. Class Struggle………………………………….. 85 5. Revolution……………………………………… 87 xii B. Value of Tolerance…………………………………… 89 C. Discussion……………………………………………. 91 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION…………………… 94 A. Conclusion…………………………………………… 94 B. Suggestion…………………………………………… 95 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX xiii TABLE OF PICTURES Picture 1. Lily Melissa Owens (Dakota Fanning)………………………… 46 Picture 2. August Boatwright (Queen Latifah)............................................ 47 Picture 3. Rosaleen Daise (Jennifer Hudson).............................................. 48 Picture 4. Zachary Taylor (Tristan Wilds)................................................... 49 Picture 5. June Boatwright (Alicia Keys).................................................... 50 Picture 6. May Boatwright (Sophie Okenedo)……………………………. 51 Picture 7. Terrence Ray (Paul Bettany)…………………………………… 51 Picture 8. Tiburon…………………………………………………………. 54 Picture 9. Theatre………………………………………………………….. 54 Picture 10. Boatwright’s House…………………………………………….. 54 Picture 11. Honey House…………………………………………………… 54 Picture 12. Boatwright Living Room……………………………………….. 55 Picture 13. Boatwright Dining Room………………………………………. 55 Picture 14. Lily Sleeping Room…………………………………………….. 55 Picture 15. Boatwright Yard………………………………………………… 56 Picture 16. Lily House………………………………………………………. 56 Picture 17. Lily Sleeping Room…………………………………………….. 56 Picture 18. Lily Kitchen…………………………………………………….. 56 Picture 19. Lily Owens……………………………………………………… 57 Picture 20. August Boatwright……………………………………………… 57 Picture 21. Lily Owens……………………………………………………… 58 Picture 22. August in Dialogue……………………………………………… 58 Picture 23. Terrace…………………………………………………………… 59 Picture 24. Sleeping Room…………………………………………………... 59 Picture 25. Kitchen…………………………………………………………... 60 Picture 26. May’s Wall………………………………………………………. 60 Picture 27. Animal Husbandry………………………………………………. 60 Picture 28. Honey House…………………………………………………….. 60 xiv Picture 29. Lily’s House……………………………………………………… 61 Picture 30. Lily Sleeping Room……………………………………………… 61 Picture 31. Lily’s Kitchen……………………………………………………. 61 Picture 32. Lily Uniform Work………………………………………………. 62 Picture 33. August Dress……………………………………………………… 62 Picture 34. Lily Shirt………………………………………………………….. 62 Picture 35. Bright Light……………………………………………………….. 63 Picture 36. Dark Light………………………………………………………… 63 Picture 37. Soft Light in the Garden ………………………………………… 63 Picture 38. Soft Light at Romantic Situation…………………………………. 64 Picture 39. Strong Light at Hospital…………………………………………... 64 Picture 40. The Light from the Outside Room as a Light Source ……………. 64 Picture 41. The Sun as the Light Source ……………………………………… 65 Picture 42. The Lamp as the Light Source …………………………………… 65 Picture 43. The Light Direction, Spotting From the Right Side……………… 65 Picture 44. The Light on Boatwright’s Family in the Outside……………….. 65 Picture 45. The Sun is natural color………………………………………….. 66 Picture 46. The Lamp is white color………………………………………… 66 Picture