Journal of Information and Operations Management ISSN: 0976–7754 & E-ISSN: 0976–7762 , Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012, pp-188-190 Available online at http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.php?id=55 IMAGE PROCESSING IN MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS MANISH JOSHI CMCA, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, U.P., India *Corresponding Author: Email- [email protected] Received: December 12, 2011; Accepted: January 15, 2012 Abstract- Image Processing in Multimedia Applications treats a number of critical topics in multimedia systems, with respect to image and video processing techniques and their implementations. These techniques include the Image and video compression techniques and stand- ards, and Image and video indexing and retrieval techniques. Image Processing is an important tool to develop a Multimedia Application. Citation: Manish Joshi (2012) Image Processing in Multimedia Applications. Journal of Information and Operations Management ISSN: 0976–7754 & E-ISSN: 0976–7762, Volume 3, Issue 1, pp-188-190. Copyright: Copyright©2012 Manish Joshi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. In electrical engineering and computer science, image processing the form of multidimensional systems. Many of the techniques of is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, digital image processing, or digital picture processing as it often such as a photograph or video frame; the output of image pro- was called, were developed in the 1960s at the Jet Propulsion cessing may be either an image or, a set of characteristics or pa- Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Laborato- rameters related to the image. Most image-processing techniques ries, University of Maryland, and a few other research facilities, involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and apply- with application to satellite imagery, wire-photo standards conver- ing standard signal-processing techniques to it.Image processing sion, medical imaging, videophone, character recognition, and usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog photograph enhancement.[1] The cost of processing was fairly high, image processing also are possible. This article is about general however, with the computing equipment of that era. That changed techniques that apply to all of them. The acquisition of images in the 1970s, when digital image processing proliferated as cheap- (producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imag- er computers and dedicated hardware became available. Images ing. The Digital image processing is the use of computer algo- then could be processed in real time, for some dedicated problems rithms to perform image processing on digital images. As a subcat- such as television standards conversion. As general-purpose com- egory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing puters became faster, they started to take over the role of dedicat- has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a ed hardware for all but the most specialized and computer- much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and intensive operations.With the fast computers and signal processors can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and signal distor- available in the 2000s, digital image processing has become the tion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimen- most common form of image processing and generally, is used sions (perhaps more) digital image processing may be modeled in because it is not only the most versatile method, but also the Journal of Information and Operations Management ISSN: 0976–7754 & E-ISSN: 0976–7762 , Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012 Bioinfo Publications 188 Image Processing in Multimedia Applications cheapest.Digital image processing technology for medical applica- media applications has increased enormously. Like many other tions was inducted into the Space Foundation Space Technology recent developments, the materialization of image and video en- Hall of Fame in 1994. A digital image processing allows the use of coding is due to the contribution from major areas like good net- much more complex algorithms for image processing, and hence, work access, good amount of fast processors e.t.c. Many standard- can offer both more sophisticated performance at simple tasks, and ization procedures were carrried out for the development of image the implementation of methods which would be impossible by ana- and video coding. The advancement of computer storage technolo- log meansIn particular, digital image processing is the only practi- gy continues at a rapid pace as a means of reducing storage re- cal technology for Classification, extraction Pattern, Projection,Multi quirements of an image and video as most situation warrants. -scale signal analysis.Some techniques which are used in digital Thus, the science of digital video compression/coding has image processing includes-Pixelization,Linear filtering,Principal emerged. This storage capacity seems to be more impressive components analysis,Independent component analysis,models, when it is realized that the intent is to deliver very high quality video Anisotropic,Partial differential equations,Self-organizing to the end user with as few visible artifacts as possible. Current maps,Neural networks,Wavelets. methods of video compression such as Moving Pictures Experts Some greyscale images have more greyscales, for instance 16 bit Group (MPEG) standard provide good performance in terms of = 65536 greyscales. In principle three greyscale images can be retaining video quality while reducing the storage requirements. combined to form an image with 281,474,976,710,656 greyscales. Many books are available for video coding fundamentals.This book There are two general groups of ‘images’: vector graphics (or line is the research outcome of various Researchers and Professors art) and bitmaps (pixel-based or ‘images’). Some of the most com- who have contributed a might in this field. This book suits research- mon file formats are: ers doing their research in the area of video coding.The under- GIF — an 8-bit (256 colour), non-destructively compressed bitmap standing of fundamentals of video coding is essential for the reader format. Mostly used for web. Has several sub-standards one of before reading this book. The book revolves around three different which is the animated GIF. challenges namely (i) Coding strategies (coding efficiency and JPEG — a very efficient (i.e. much information per byte) destruc- computational complexity), (ii) Video compression and (iii) Error tively compressed 24 bit (16 million colours) bitmap format. Widely resilience. The complete efficient video system depends upon used, especially for web and Internet (bandwidth-limited). source coding, proper inter and intra frame coding, emerging newer TIFF — the standard 24 bit publication bitmap format. Compresses transform, quantization techniques and proper error concealmentA non-destructively with, for instance, Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) com- familiar example of pixelization can be found in television news and pression. documentary productions, in which vehicle license plates and faces PS — Postscript, a standard vector format. Has numerous sub- of suspects at crime scenes are routinely obscured to maintain the standards and can be difficult to transport across platforms and presumption of innocence, as in the television series COPS. By- operating systems. standers and others who do not sign release forms are also cus- PSD – a dedicated Photoshop format that keeps all the information tomarily pixelized. Footage of nudity (including genitalia, buttocks, in an image including all the layers. or breasts) is likewise obscured in some media: before the water- Multimedia stands as one of the most challenging and exciting shed in many countries, in newspapers or general magazines, or in aspects of the information era. Although there are books available places in which the public cannot avoid seeing the image (such as that deal with various facets of multimedia, the field has urgently on billboards). Drug references, as well as gestures considered needed a comprehensive look at recent developments in the sys- obscene (such as the finger) may also be censored in this manner. tems, processing, and applications of image and video data in a Pixelization is not usually used for this purpose in films, DVDs, multimedia environment . subscription television services, pornography (except for countries Multimedia Image and Video Processing fills that need. Beginning in which the law requires it). When obscene language is censored with existing standards and their impact on multimedia image and by an audible bleep, the mouth of the speaker may be pixelized to video processing, experts from around the world address a broad prevent lip reading, often as in COPS graphic injuries and excess spectrum of topics in a tutorial style. Their authoritative contribu- blood will be pixelized. tions cover the pros and cons of current and new architectures, Pixelization may also be used to avoid unintentional product place- conventional and intelligent image processing techniques, new ment, or to hide elements that would date a broadcast, such as developments in the compression and coding of video and images, date and time stamps on home video submissions. Censorship for and