ISSN 1644-7190 SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IN NATURAL SCIENCE Bulletin of the Polish Synchrotron Radiation Society Volume 11, Number 1-2, May 2012 Includes: News, regular papers, information on PTPS, Programme and Abstracts of the 11th International Symposium and School on Synchrotron Radiation in Natural Science (ISSRNS-11), (Cracow, Poland, 20-25 May, 2012) Organised by: Polish Synchrotron Radiation Society and Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, under the honorary patronage of Mayor of the Royal City of Cracow Jacek Majchrowski, General Director of the Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAN Marek Jeżabek, and Rector of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków Karol Musioł Sponsored by: Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Hamamatsu Bruker, Panalitycal, Netzsch, Spectro-Lab SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IN NATURAL SCIENCE Bulletin of the Polish Synchrotron Radiation Society Address: al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland, phone/fax 228436034, e-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Wojciech Paszkowicz, Editor Zbigniew Kaszkur, Secretary Bogdan J. Kowalski Institute of Physics Institute of Physical Chemistry Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences al. Lotników 32/46 Kasprzaka 44/52 al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw 01-224 Warsaw, Poland 02-668 Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Paweł Piszora Radosław Przeniosło Wojciech Szuszkiewicz Faculty of Chemistry Institute of Experimental Phyics Institute of Physics A. Mickiewicz University Warsaw University Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Grunwaldzka 6 ul. Hoża 69 al. Lotników 32/46 60-780 Poznań 00-681 Warszawa 02-668 Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: e-mail: [email protected] [email protected]) Advisory Board Krystyna Jabłońska Czesław Kapusta Maciej Kozak Institute of Physics Department of Solid State Physics Faculty of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences AGH University of Science and A. Mickiewicz University al. Lotników 32/46 Technology ul. Umultowska 85 02-668 Warsaw al. Mickiewicza 30 61-614 Poznań e-mail: [email protected] 30-059 Kraków, e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Wojciech Kwiatek Marek Stankiewicz Jacek Szade Institute of Nuclear Physics Institute of Physics Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Jagellonian University Silesian University ul. Radzikowskiego 152 ul. Reymonta 4 ul. Uniwersytecka 4 31-342 Kraków 30-059 Kraków 40-007 Katowice e-mail: e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Note for contributors: Contributions in English (preferred) or in Polish should be sent to the Editor. The topics include: synchrotron and alternative radiation sources such as free electron lasers, beamline instrumentation, experimental and theoretical results connected with application of various methods and approaches (x-ray scattering, x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption, fluorescence and photoelectron spectroscopies, magnetic dichroism, etc.) in connection with application of synchrotron radiation in physics, chemistry, crystallography, materials science and life sciences. Layout by Arkadiusz Zarzycki. Cover design by W. Paszkowicz. Figure on the cover page: Illustration from the abstract "Wavelet analysis of X-ray absorption anisotropy: Accuracy and limitations of atomic structure imaging" by D.T. Dul et al. (this issue). SYNCHROTRON RADIATION IN NATURAL SCIENCE is published and distributed by the Polish Synchrotron Radiation Society (PSRS). Detailed information on PSRS is given on cover page 3. ISSN 1644-7190 Volume 11, No. 1-2, 2012, © Polish Synchrotron Radiation Society Synchrotron Radiation in Natural Science Vol. 11, No.1 { 2 (2012) SOLARIS | NATIONAL SYNCHROTRON RADIATION CENTRE, THE POLISH RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE ROADMAP FACILITY STATUS IN SPRING 2012 Wojciech Paszkowicz 1 and Marek Stankiewicz 2 1Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lotnik´ow32, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland 2National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7/P.1.6, 30-387 Krak´ow,Poland Interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with reactions and processes and opening the possibili- matter is fundamental to the universe. From the big ties of their control. bang up to the current times such interactions have Until 1970 there was no man made source of such been activating the processes and phenomena at the properties and intensities enabling for research of atomic level up to the scale of the whole Universe. EM radiation stimulated processes in such a broad The radiation influences short and long term pro- spectrum of energies. This situation has changed cesses on our globe at the micro and macro scales in 1970 when the first synchrotron radiation source affecting such areas as the plant growth, earth at- was built. mosphere, climate changes, weather, etc. The advent of synchrotron radiation sources and In the Universe the Stars are natural sources of their constant development and improvement has EM radiation. In our planetary system the Sun revolutionized the research in many areas of funda- supplies the Earth with a very broad spectrum of mental as well as applied science. Since then the po- electromagnetic radiation spreading from the infra- tential of such facilities has been widely recognized red, through the visible region to X-rays. Significant and led to the development and construction of very part of the radiation interacts with and is absorbed high intensity light sources (synchrotrons and free by the atmosphere, the transmitted part interacts electron lasers) emitting the radiation of unprece- with the Earth ecosystem providing the necessary dented properties: energy, catalyzing reactions and stimulating biolog- • broad spectral range and tunability (opportu- ical processes. nity of selection of a single energy), The knowledge and control of the radiation in- teraction with matter is therefore extremely impor- • high collimation, with opportunity for focus- tant and allowing for understanding the ongoing ing down to the size of the order of 10 nm, Figure 1 : SOLARIS facility layout. I Synchrotron Radiation in Natural Science Vol. 11, No.1 { 2 (2012) • high coherence, December 2011, the project completion is sched- uled for September 2014. The SOLARIS building • extremely high intensity, (for an artistic view see Fig. 1) will be ready in • specific time structure (pulses down to fem- autumn 2013 and then the installation of the ma- tosecond scale and up to gigawatt power). chine will start. The project is run in a very close collaboration with MAX-lab in Lund. SOLARIS Synchrotrons, despite being big devices (their synchrotron ring (96 m circumference) is a twin to circumference ranges from several tens to several the new 1:5 GeV facility of MAX IV project. Using thousand of meters), emit a very compact photon the same design allowed for a fundamental reduction beam, which can be described as a light scalpel of the development and construction costs. More- that can operate on the surface or inside the inves- over, the modern, technologically advanced, novel tigated objects. It is not only the photon beam size Swedish design leads to improved parameters of the but also the precision of the applied photon energy ring. The storage ring is composed of 12 magnet that means the light scalpel has unique applications. blocks forming a 12 double bend achromatic struc- This kind of site specific surgery opens up a vast tures. Differences between the two projects will in- range of research that is available only with syn- clude the injector and the beamlines. SOLARIS, chrotron radiation. The systems investigated range and its twin Swedish counterpart, are the first facil- from single atoms and molecules, through biological ities in the new generation of compact, high current, complex molecules (proteins, DNA) to bulk materi- high brilliance 1:5 GeV synchrotrons. als and crystals. The synchrotron will be capable of delivering ra- Over the last three decades, synchrotron light diation in a broad spectral range. Its characteristics: has supported cutting-edge research in physics, chemistry, biology and material sciences, and has • particle energy 1:5 GeV (injection 0:6 { opened up many new areas of research in fields 0:7 GeV), such as medicine, geological and environmental • current 500 mA, studies, structural genomics and archaeology. The synchrotron radiation centers are truly multidisci- • radiation energy at bending magnets | op- plinary and multi-user facilities. timal at 0:1 { 5 keV (nominal critical energy Many tens of such sources have been built in all 2 keV), developed countries having population of 40 million or more, but also in less populated Canada, Aus- • radiation energy at wigglers | optimal at 2 { tralia, Switzerland, Taiwan, Sweden, Denmark and 20 keV, radiation available at still higher en- Singapore or just developing Brazil and Thailand. ergies (∼ 30 or more) (nominal critical energy Each of the existing sources is surrounded by tens 6 keV), of beamlines where specific tasks are performed by • radiation energy at undulators | individually the users. It is difficult to imagine a technologically tuned in a broad range beamlines advanced country without at least one intense light source; the number of sources in each of most de- are considerably better than those for older 1:5 GeV veloped countries, USA and Japan, is of the order machines. of twenty. Both, the bending magnets and insertion devices The unique properties of the radiation and the installed in the straight sections will be used for gen- huge research and development potential offered by eration of radiation. Installation of up to 20 beam- synchrotron light sources have been explored by the lines and still more experimental end stations will be community of Polish scientists from the very begin- possible. There is an opportunity to build 10 beam- ning and their scientific output is perceptible, es- lines at bending magnets and 10 beamlines at wig- pecially in the time following the access to Euro- glers (undulators). Each beamline may have more pean Community.