THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF EMBODIED COGNITION Embodied cognition is one of the foremost areas of study and research in philosophy of mind, philosophy of psychology and cognitive science. The Routledge Handbook of Embodied Cognition is an outstanding guide and reference source to the key philosophers, topics and debates in this exciting subject and essential reading for any student and scholar of philosophy of mind and cognitive science. Comprising over thirty chapters by a team of international contributors, the Handbook is divided into six parts: Historical underpinnings Perspectives on embodied cognition Applied embodied cognition: perception, language, and reasoning Applied embodied cognition: social and moral cognition and emotion Applied embodied cognition: memory, attention, and group cognition Meta-topics. The early chapters of the Handbook cover empirical and philosophical foundations of embodied cognition, focusing on Gibsonian and phenomenological approaches. Subsequent chapters cover additional, important themes common to work in embodied cognition, including embedded, extended and enactive cognition as well as chapters on embodied cognition and empirical research in perception, language, reasoning, social and moral cognition, emotion, consciousness, memory, and learning and development. Lawrence Shapiro is a professor in the Department of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, USA. He has authored many articles spanning the range of philosophy of psychology. His most recent book, Embodied Cognition (Routledge, 2011), won the American Philosophical Association’s Joseph B. Gittler award in 2013. Routledge Handbooks in Philosophy Routledge Handbooks in Philosophy are state-of-the-art surveys of emerging, newly refreshed, and important fields in philosophy, providing accessible yet thorough assessments of key problems, themes, thinkers, and recent developments in research. All chapters for each volume are specially commissioned, and written by leading scholars in the field. Carefully edited and organized, Routledge Handbooks in Philosophy provide indis- pensable reference tools for students and researchers seeking a comprehensive overview of new and exciting topics in philosophy. They are also valuable teaching resources as accompaniments to textbooks, anthologies, and research-orientated publications. Forthcoming: The Routledge Handbook of the Stoic Tradition Edited by John Sellars The Routledge Handbook of German Idealism Edited by Brian O’Connor, Michael Rosen, Hans Joerg Sandkühler, and David Wood The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Well-Being Edited by Guy Fletcher The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Imagination Edited by Amy Kind The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Colour Edited by Derek Brown and Fiona Macpherson The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Biodiversity Edited by Justin Garson, Anya Plutynski, and Sahotra Sarkar The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of the Social Mind Edited by Julian Kiverstein The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intentionality Edited by Marija Jankovic and Kirk Ludwig The Routledge Handbook of Brentano and the Brentano School Edited by Uriah Kriegel The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Contextualism Edited by Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Evolution Edited by Richard Joyce THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF EMBODIED COGNITION Edited by Lawrence Shapiro First published 2014 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN And published by Routledge 711 Third Ave., New York, NY. 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2014 Lawrence Shapiro, editorial and selection matter; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Lawrence Shapiro to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The Routledge handbook of embodied cognition / edited by Lawrence Shapiro. -- 1 [edition]. pages cm. -- (Routledge handbooks in philosophy) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Philosophy of mind. 2. Cognition. 3. Cognitive science. I. Shapiro, Lawrence A., editor of compilation. BD418.3.R77 20174 128’.2--dc23 2013044861 ISBN13: 978-0-415-62361-2 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-1-315-77584-5 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Taylor & Francis Books CONTENTS List of illustrations ix List of contributors xi Acknowledgements xvii Introduction 1 Lawrence Shapiro PART I Historical underpinnings 7 1 Phenomenology and embodied cognition 9 Shaun Gallagher 2 A ten commandments for ecological psychology 19 Claire F. Michaels and Zsolt Palatinus PART II Perspectives on embodied cognition 29 3 Extended cognition 31 Ken Aizawa 4 Complex dynamical systems and embodiment 39 Michael J. Richardson and Anthony Chemero 5 The role of the motor system in cognitive functions 51 Laila Craighero v Contents 6 Embedded and situated cognition 59 Michael Dawson 7 The enactive approach 68 Ezequiel Di Paolo and Evan Thompson PART III Applied embodied cognition: perception, language, and reasoning 79 8 Music perception and embodied music cognition 81 Marc Leman and Pieter-Jan Maes 9 Enactive vision 90 Erik Myin and Jan Degenaar 10 Perception and/for/with/as action 99 Cedar Riener and Jeanine Stefanucci 11 Bodily relativity 108 Daniel Casasanto 12 Embodiment and language comprehension 118 Michael P. Kaschak, John L. Jones, Julie Carranza, and Melissa R. Fox 13 Embodiment and language 127 Claudia Scorolli 14 Linking words to world: an embodiment perspective 139 Chen Yu 15 Gesture in reasoning: an embodied perspective 150 Martha W. Alibali, Rebecca Boncoddo, and Autumn B. Hostetter 16 The embodied dynamics of problem solving: new structure from multiscale interactions 160 James A. Dixon, Damian G. Kelty-Stephen, and Jason Anastas 17 Grounded mathematical reasoning 171 Mitchell J. Nathan 18 Embodied interaction, coordination and reasoning in computer gameplay 184 Tarja Susi vi Contents PART IV Applied embodied cognition: social and moral cognition and emotion 195 19 Embodied cognition and theory of mind 197 Shannon Spaulding 20 The embodiment of culture 207 Tamer Soliman and Arthur M. Glenberg 21 Morality in the body 220 Brendan Strejcek and Chen-Bo Zhong 22 Body and emotion 231 Michelle Maiese 23 Embodied emotion concepts 240 Paula Niedenthal, Adrienne Wood, and Magdalena Rychlowska 24 Embodiment in the construction of emotion experience and emotion understanding 250 Suzanne Oosterwijk and Lisa Feldman Barrett PART V Applied embodied cognition: memory, attention, and group cognition 261 25 Visual experience 263 Michael Madary 26 First-order embodiment, second-order embodiment, third-order embodiment 272 Thomas Metzinger 27 Acting for bodily awareness 287 Frédérique de Vignemont 28 Memory and action 296 Katinka Dijkstra and Rolf A. Zwaan 29 The embodiment of attention in the perception-action loop 306 Michael J. Spivey and Stephanie Huette vii Contents 30 Embodied remembering 315 John Sutton and Kellie Williamson 31 Embodiment, cognition and the World Wide Web 326 Paul R. Smart 32 The constitution of group cognition 335 Gerry Stahl 33 Varieties of group cognition 347 Georg Theiner PART VI Meta-topics 359 34 Cognition 361 Gary Hatfield 35 Revolution, reform, or business as usual? The future prospects for embodied cognition 374 Michael Wheeler Index 384 viii ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 4.1 Categorical and continuous recurrence analysis 42 4.2 Example geometric and temporal fractal patterns 43 4.3 Examples of time series composed of random variation and fractal variation and the associated log-log spectral plots 44 7.1 A schematic illustration of the concept of operational closure 70 8.1 Music perception as embodied cognition 84 14.1 Overview of embodied social interaction 141 14.2 A multisensory system to collect multimodal data from child-parent interaction 142 14.3 Mean object size for the named target, and for other objects in child’s and parent’s head-camera images during the naming event 144 14.4 Mean percentage of frames in which the parent or child was holding the named object or another object 145 14.5 Mean percentage time with position and orientation head movements 146 14.6 Four hypotheses on child’s interest, learning and sensorimotor behaviors 148 16.1 Card-sorting task 164 16.2 Hurst exponents over time during card sorting 166 16.3 An example gear-system problem 167 16.4 Power-law exponents over trials for the gear task 169 17.1 Neuroimaging (fMRI) data showing dissociation during exact and approximate calculations 175 17.2 Participants perform relevant or irrelevant actions for the triangle task 178 18.1 The game is controlled through hand-held devices and a step platform 186 18.2 Players cooperating to extinguish the fire 187 18.3 Player 2 has just grabbed a rat by its tail and is lifting it up in the air 189 18.4