Borland's No-Nonsense License Statement! This software is protected by both United States copyright law and international treaty provisions. Therefore, you must treat this software just like Q book, with the following single exception. Borland International authorizes you to make archival copies of the software for the . sole purpose of backing-up our software and protecting your investment from loss. By saying. "just like a book." Borland means, for example, that this software may be used by any number of people and may be freely moved from on~ computer location to another, so long as there is no possibility of it being used at one location while it's being used at another. Just like a book that can't be read by two different people in two different places at the same time, neither can the software be used by two different people in two different places at the same time. (Unless. of course. Borland's copyright has been violated.) Borland International grants you (the licensed owner of Turbo Graphix Toolbox) the right to incorporate Graphix Toolbox routines into your programs. You may distribute your programs that contain Graphix Toolbox routines in executable form without restriction or fee, but you may not give away or sell any part of the actual Graphix Toolbox source code. You are not, of course, restricted from distributing your own source code. Sample programs included on the Turbo Graphix Toolbox disk demonstrate how to use the Graphix Toolbox. You may edit or modify them and incorporate them into programs that you write without restriction or fee. Use of sample programs is governed by the same conditions and restrictions as outlined in the first paragraph above. WARRANTY With respect to the physical diskette and physical documentation enclosed herein, Borland International. Inc. ("Borland") warrants the same to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 60 days from the date of purchase. In the event of notification within the warranty period of defects in material or workmanship, Borland will replace the defective diskette or documentation. If you need to return a product. call the Borland Customer Service Department to obtain a return authorization number. The remedy for breach of this warranty shall be limited to replacement and shall not encompass any other damages. including but not limited to loss of profit. and special. incidental, consequential. or other similar claims. Borland International. Inc. specifically disclaims all other warranties, expressed or implied, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose with respect to defects in the diskette and documentation, and the program license granted herein in particular, and without limiting operation of the program license with respect to any particular application. use. or purpose. In no event shall Borland be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage. including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential or other damages. GOVERNING LAW This statement shall be construed. interpreted, and governed by the laws of the state of California. Second Edition Printed in U.S.A 9 8 7 6 543 Turbo Graphix Toolbox version 1 Owner's Handbook Copyright © 1985 All Rights Reserved Borland International, Inc. 4585 Scotts Valley Drive Scotts Valley, CA 95066 USA TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................. ....... ......... .... ........ ............................................ 1 What Can You Do With the Graphix Toolbox? ........................................ 1 Structure of This Manual .......................................................... ............... 4 Typography .............................................................................................. 5 The Distribution Diskette ............................................................... ........... 5 Acknowledgements .................................................................................. 6 Chapter 1. A COMPUTER GRAPHICS PRIMER ......................................... 7 Pixels ........................................................................................................ 7 Screens .................................................................................................... 7 Characters and Fonts .............................................................................. 8 Coordinate Systems ................................................................................. 9 Absolute Screen Coordinate System ................................................... 10 World Coordinate System .................................................................... 10 Windows .................................................................................................. 11 Clipping ............................................................ ............... ...................... 12 How to Use the Turbo Graphix Toolbox With Your Hardware ................ 13 The IBM PC and True Compatibles ....................... ............................... 14 IBM Color Graphics Card ..................................................................... 15 Hercules Monochrome Graphics Card ................................................. 15 IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter ............. ............................................ 15 Heath/Zenith Z-100 Computer ............................................ ................. 15 Chapter 2. GETTING STARTED .. ........... .................................................... 17 Including Turbo Graphix Routines in Your Program ................................ 17 Drawing Points ................................................................................ ......... 18 Drawing a Single Point ......................................................................... 19 Drawing a Cluster of Points ................................................................. 20 Drawing Points Using a World Coordinate System .............................. 21 Erasing a Point ..................................................................................... 22 Summary of Point Routines ................................................................. 22 Drawing Lines .......................................................................................... 23 Drawing a Single Line ........................................................................... 23 Drawing a "Walking Line" .................................................................... 24 Summary of Line-Drawing Routines ..................................................... 26 Drawing Squares ..................................................................................... 26 Summary of Square-Drawing Routines ................................................ 27 Drawing Circles ........................................................................................ 27 Summary of Related Routines ........................ ..................................... 29 TABLE OF CONTENTS Text .............................................................................................. 29 Displaying Machine-Dependent Text ........ ...... .................. ......... 30 Displaying 4x6-Pixel Text .......................................................... 32 Summary of Text-Drawing Routines ......................................... 34 Windows ....................................................................................... 34 Defining a Window.................................................................... 34 Displaying a Drawing in a Window... ................... ............... ....... 37 Moving Windows ....................................................................... 39 Another Use for Windows: the Flow Chart .... ........................... 43 Summary of Window Routines ................ ........................ ......... 47 Pie and Bar Charts ...... ..... ........ ................. ................. ........... ....... 48 Pie Charts ........................................................................ ......... 49 Bar Charts ................ ................................................................. 53 Summary of Pie and Bar Chart Routines ............... .......... ......... 58 Plotting Curves ............................................................................. 59 A Simple Example: Plotting a Sine Curve ...... ........................... 59 The DrawAxis Procedure .......................................................... 62 Drawing a Sine Curve with Axes ........................................ ...... 64 Polygon Modification Routines .......................................... ........ 66 Finding a World to Fit a Polygon .............. ...... ........................... 69 Solving Curve-Fitting Problems ..................................................... 73 Fitting a Curve with the Spline Procedure .................... ............. 73 Modeling a Curve with the Bezier Procedure ............. ............... 76 Summary of Polygon/Curve Routines ....................................... 80 Screens ......................................................................................... 80 Saving and Loading Screens ............................................... ...... 80 Printing Screens ........................................................................ 85 Chapter 3. TECHNICAL REFERENCE ...................................... ...... 91 Turbo Graphix Files .......................................................... ............ 91 Basic System Files ...................................................................