LocalandTourismDevelopmentStrategyofCovasna –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. THANK YOU ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. REASONS AND OBJECTIVES OF ELABORATING A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ........................................ 4 1.3. ELABORATION PROCESS OF THE LONG TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF COVASNA ............................... 6 1.4. PROJECT TEAM ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.5. THE CONTENT OF THE STRATEGY ...................................................................................................... 10 1.5.1. Situation Analyses .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.5.2. SWOT Analyses ............................................................................................................................ 13 1.5.3. Future Image .................................................................................................................................. 14 1.5.4. Strategic System of Development Objectives, Axes and Measures in Covasna ............................................... 15 1.5.5. The Last Chapter: Operative Planning ................................................................................................ 19 2. ANALYSES OF THE PRESENT SITUATION IN COVASNA ........................................................ 21 2.1. GENERAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRESENTATION OF COVASNA COUNTY .......................... 21 2.1.1. Population ..................................................................................................................................... 23 2.1.2. Labor Market and Occupational Structure ........................................................................................... 27 2.1.3. Results and Performance of Enterprises ................................................................................................ 32 2.2. COVASNA, GENERAL PRESENTATION ..................................................................................... 40 2.2.1. Geographical Location and Natural Environment ................................................................................. 40 2.2.2. Administrative and Socio-Economic Aspects ......................................................................................... 42 2.2.3. Historical Background ..................................................................................................................... 44 2.3. THE ROLE, THE RELATIONS AND THE FUNCTIONS OF COVASNA .................................... 50 2.4. ANALYSES OF EXISTENT INFRASTRUCTURE, INSTITUTIONS AND SERVICES ................. 60 2.4.1. Communal Infrastructure .................................................................................................................. 60 2.4.2. Transport Infrastructure .................................................................................................................... 64 2.4.3. Telecommunication Infratructure ......................................................................................................... 66 2.4.4. Recreational and Cultural Infrastructure .............................................................................................. 66 2.4.5. Infrastucture of Health and Education Services ...................................................................................... 67 2.4.6. Tourist Infrastructure ....................................................................................................................... 69 2.4.7. Institutions and Services .................................................................................................................... 73 2.5. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS ............................................................................................................... 77 2.5.1. Anthrop(olog)ical Tourist Resources .................................................................................................... 77 2.5.2. Natural Tourist Resources ................................................................................................................ 80 2.6. ACCESSIBILITY OF COVASNA AND RELATIONSHIP STRUCTURE OF THE TERRITORY . 84 2.7. SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND CONFLICTS ........................................................................................ 87 2.7.1. Infrastructure for Social Services ......................................................................................................... 87 2.7.2. Handicapped Persons ....................................................................................................................... 88 2.7.3. Persons with Neuro-psychological Problems ........................................................................................... 88 2.7.4. Elderly People ................................................................................................................................ 89 2.7.5. Gypsy People .................................................................................................................................. 89 2.7.6. Family Violence .............................................................................................................................. 90 2.8. ANALYSES OF COVASNA’S ECONOMIC SITUATION ............................................................... 91 2.8.1. Structural Analyses of Local Economy ................................................................................................ 92 2.8.2. Agricultural Production .................................................................................................................... 98 2.8.3. Present-Day Local Economic Development ......................................................................................... 102 2.8.4. Present-Day Marketing Development ................................................................................................ 105 2.9. ANALYSES OF DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION AND ITS TRENDS ........................................... 107 2.9.1. Historical Development of Covasna’s Population .................................................................................. 107 2.9.2. Present-Day Demographic Structure: Sex, Age, Ethnicity and Religion .................................................... 111 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1 LocalandTourismDevelopmentStrategyofCovasna –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 2.9.3. Demographic Evolution of Natural Movement and Migration ................................................................ 116 2.10. OCCUPATIONAL, LABOR FORCE AND UNEMPLOYMENT ANALYSES ............................ 118 2.10.1. Human Resources and Its Structure ................................................................................................ 118 2.10.2. Unemployment ............................................................................................................................ 122 2.11. RECREATION AND LOCAL CULTURE .................................................................................... 126 2.11.1. Local Recreation Conditions .......................................................................................................... 126 2.11.2. Local Culture ............................................................................................................................. 129 2.12. ANALYSES OF COVASNA’S ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................... 132 2.12.1. Brief Overview of the Natural Environment of Covasna ...................................................................... 132 2.12.2. Household Waste ........................................................................................................................ 134 2.12.3. Surface and Subsoil Water ............................................................................................................ 137 2.12.4. Mineral Water ............................................................................................................................ 140 2.12.5. Urban Environment. Drinking-Water Supply .................................................................................. 142 2.12.6. Canalization, Water Purification Center and Evacuation of Purified Water to Water Conduits .................. 145 2.12.7. Sedimentary Dust and Soil Situation ............................................................................................... 147 2.12.8. Green Areas ............................................................................................................................... 149 2.12.9. Surrounding Noise ....................................................................................................................... 149 2.12.10. Risk Factors and General Situation of Natural Environment ............................................................ 150 2.13. COMPARING COVASNA WITH OTHER NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL BALNEOCLIMATIC CENTERS .........................................................................................................