ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT FOR THE ROMANIAN ENERGY STRATEGY 2019-2030, WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR 2050 PROVIDER: KVB CONSULTING & ENGINEERING SRL BENEFICIARY: July 2019 ROMANIAN ENERGY STRATEGY 2019-2030, WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR 2050 Environmental report_rev05 CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 5 III. METHODOLOGY OF SEA PREPARATION FOR RES 2019-2030, WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR 2050 6 IV. BRIEF PRESENTATION OF RES 2019-2030 WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR 2050 .................... 8 III.1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 8 III.2. CURRENT FACTS ....................................................................................................................... 8 III.3. STRUCTURE OF THE ENERGY STRATEGY OF ROMANIA FOR THE PERIOD 2019-2030 WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR 2050 ...................................................................................................... 9 III.4. MAIN OBJECTIVES PROPOSED BY THE ENERGY STRATEGY OF ROMANIA FOR THE PERIOD 2019-2030 WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR 2050 ................................................................... 9 III.5. RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER RELEVANT PLANS AND PROGRAMMES ........................... 20 V. RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT STATE ............................................................. 32 IV.1. CURRENT STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................... 32 IV.1.1 AIR ...................................................................................................................................... 32 IV.1.2 WATER ............................................................................................................................... 57 IV.1.3 SOIL .................................................................................................................................... 69 IV.1.4 CLIMATE CHANGE ............................................................................................................ 71 IV.1.5 BIODIVERSITY................................................................................................................... 75 IV.1.6 LANDSCAPE ....................................................................................................................... 78 IV.1.7 CULTURAL ASPECTS ........................................................................................................ 79 IV.1.8 CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES .................................................................. 81 IV.1.9 WASTE ............................................................................................................................... 86 IV.1.10 POPULATION AND HUMAN HEALTH ........................................................................... 90 IV.1.11 TRANSPORT .................................................................................................................... 94 IV.1.12 ENERGY EFFICIENCY ..................................................................................................... 96 IV.2. THE EVOLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT PROVIDED THAT THE ENERGETIC STRATEGY OF ROMANIA FOR THE PERIOD 2019-2030 WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR 2050 IS NOT IMPLEMENTED ................................................................................................................................ 97 VI. THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREAS LIKELY TO BE AFFECTED SIGNIFICANTLY BY THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RES 2019-2030 WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR 2050 100 VII. EXISTING RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES FOR RES 2019-2030 WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR 2050 ................................................................................................................ 102 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OBJECTIVES ESTABLISHED AT THE NATIONAL, COMMUNITY, OR INTERNATIONAL LEVEL WHICH ARE RELEVANT FOR THE ENERGY STRATEGY .......................................................................................................................................... 103 IX. POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT ......................................... 104 3 ROMANIAN ENERGY STRATEGY 2019-2030, WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR 2050 Environmental report_rev05 VIII.1. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................... 104 VIII.2. THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK USED FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE ENERGY STRATEGY ...................................................................................................................................... 104 VIII.3. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS BY THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENERGY STRATEGY ........................................................................................................................................................ 106 X. ADEQUATE EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENERGY STRATEGY ON THE PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS OF COMMUNITY INTEREST 125 IX.1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 125 IX.2 CURRENT SITUATION ........................................................................................................... 125 IX.3. MAJOR PROJECTS INCLUDED IN RES ................................................................................. 126 IX.4. PROJECTS REGARDING THE USE OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES...................................... 161 XI. POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT, INCLUDING ON HEALTH, IN A TRANSBOUNDARY CONTEXT .................................................................................................. 162 XII. PROPOSED MEASURES TO PREVENT, REDUCE AND COMPENSATE AS COMPLETE AS POSSIBLE ANY ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY.................................................................................................................................. 163 XI.1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................................................. 163 XI.2. MEASURES PROPOSED TO PREVENT, REDUCE AND COMPENSATE ANY NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ............................................................................................................. 163 XIII. EXPLANATION OF THE REASONS FOR THE SELECTION OF CHOSEN VARIANTS .......... 166 XII.1. EVALUATION OF RES VARIANTS ....................................................................................... 166 XIV. MEASURES TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT TO MONITORING THE SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF RES 2019-2030, WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR 2050 ................................. 167 XV. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 176 4 ROMANIAN ENERGY STRATEGY 2019-2030, WITH PERSPECTIVES FOR 2050 Environmental report_rev05 I. INTRODUCTION This paper is the Environmental Report for the Strategic Environmental Assessment of Romanian Energy Strategy for the period 2019-2030 with perspectives for 2050, hereinafter referred to as RES 2019-2030 with perspectives for 2050. This paper was developed by SC KVB Consulting & Engineering SRL, a company registered with the1 national register of the environmental protection study designers under no. 82 for development of: environmental report (RM), environmental impact report (RIM), environmental review (BM), site report (RA), safety report (RS) and appropriate assessment study (EA). This Environmental Report (RM) was carried out in accordance with Annex 2 of GD 1076/2004 establishing the procedure for carrying out the environmental assessment for plans and programmes. The Romanian Energy Strategy for the period 2019-2030 with perspectives for 2050 is promoted by the Ministry of Energy as the owner of the strategy. The overall objective of the Strategy is the sustainable growth of the energy sector. The eight strategic objectives that structure the entire analysis and planning for the period 2019-2030 for 2050 will also contribute to the fulfilment of the general objective, respecting the national, European and global benchmarks that influence political determinations and decisions in energy field. Romanian Energy Strategy was developed for the time horizon 2019-2030 with perspectives for 2050, taking into account Romania's international needs and obligations, as well as the optimal scenario for the development of the national energy system for this moment. The environmental assessment procedure was started at the beginning of 2017, during the course of the procedure, emerging the necessity of updating the Energy Strategy. Thus, a first version was drafted, entitled the "Romanian Energy Strategy 2016-2030 with perspectives for 2050”, published on December 19, 2016, and subsequently updated for the period 2019-2030 with perspectives for 2050. This takes into account the recent national and global changes (National Strategic Investment Programme and inclusion in the list of primary energy resources - hydropower, wind and solar energy, energy waste and geothermal energy). Upon completion of the SEA procedure for RES 2019-2030, with the prospect of 2050, the Environmental Notice will be issued based on the Environmental Report and of the Adequate Assessment Study, which may undergo changes under the aforementioned procedure. If the RES 2019-2030 with prospects for 2050 will be modified, the competent environmental protection authority will be notified,