John Scottus Eriugena 57 e e e n e a ni e n n ea r a a Empir , W st r Europ w s u t d u der o e h d: f om Frisi nd CHAPTER 5 n in e e e e an e n i e e e n Saxo y rh North ro th Pyr n es dNorth r ltaly (w th th xc prio e a n e an e a a a a a n e as of th p pal regio s) in rh South, d Boh mi nd D lm ti i rh E t. John Scottus Eriu ena r n a e n a n ea ee a g Cha lemag e h d thre so s nd i itially divided his r lm into thr p rts; n e ne i n n e but i лD 813 h crow d h s o ly surviving so , Louis th Pious, Emperor e a n e a e e a e e e in th m g ific nt P latin Chap l at A ch n. A.ft r th death of e ere n n e e Charlemagne, Роре St phanus did the c mo y over i R ims, ther by e n n r e e n e e a e n e cr ati g an importa t histo ical pr c de t: mp rors r crow ed Ьу Pop s, e a n a e a ne a n pr fer Ьly i Rome. Ch rl m g himself moved rou d ( V�gobundus e e n e a l ne a en Carolus) throughout his mpir , thus faili g to st Ь ish o m Jor c ter INTRODUCTION: ТНЕ CAROLINGIAN RENAISSANCE er a a ni ra a l a n e a e a a n of pow nd dmi st tion, which p rt y expl i s t� l t r fr gm nt tio e an e e n e as e� e n ena a an la e n a e le of th Carolingi mpir . U d r his son Louis the Pюus, mon t пes w_ re Joh Scot(t)us Eriug w s Irish scho r r sidi g t th court of Char s a e an e ene ine e en e e e ran n ar e e in e ran e n reorg niz d d rh B dict Rul was forc d through ut the 1:1 1re. th Bald, g dso of Ch l magn , k g of th F ks. Charl mag e stood er a a e n i i e e e � as 1 � a e e inn n l en i an e i e A.ft Louis' de th nd а seri s of dy ast c d sput s th mp1re w d v1ded t th b g i g of а cu tural r a ss c (renovat o), а Ыossoming of th n ar e a ne an e ar n e a a e l l e ena a e e re i amo gst Ch l m g 's gr dsons into thr e p ts i AD 843 (Tr aty of rts nd the int l ectual if . Eriug is m inly r m mbe d for h s volu­ e n e n a a e an e a e a e a n e s a r r i V rdu ): rh Wester p rt (l t r Fr c ) w s giv n to Ch rl s the Bald t mi ous work rh Periphy eon [OnN tu eJ o , in its Latin title, De Div sione e e l e e e a er a l e i i a e i e e n a er i whos court Eriug na Scottus wou d r sid ; th E st n p rt ( arer Naturae [Th Div s on ofN tur ], а d alogue b rw e а M st (Nutr tor) e a e n e e n i i l e r an a i i G rmany) w s given to Louis the G rma , while th Middl Кingdo a d his d sc p e (Alumnus). Oth r impo t t works re his De D v na n e n _ e a� i ea e i ne ina n i (includi g the Low Countri s, Burgu dy and ltaly) was g1v n to Loth 1r; Praedestinat one [Tr ris оп D vi Predest tio ], the Hom ly оп the e n i a le Prologue John, n in e Commentary оп the Gospel ofJohn this Middl Кi gdom did not prove pol tically vi Ь . о/ a d an complet a l r e er a ry a n ar i e i e n P rt y due to the lack of а prope political c nt , f mily rival nd (a d p t of wh ch is lost: all we hav s th commentary оп Joh 1:п-29 na re a ar in e an ; exter l pressu (from Muslims in the South, M gy s th East d р-4, 28; 6:5-14). n e e e n an ea e ni ry n e n en ri na as n e seems a e e Viki gs who pr s nt d а co st t thr t throughout th rh centu i W do ot know wh E uge w bor - h to h v died som e i a ian e e � _ e ar AD n n e a a a e the North Sea r g ons), the C roling mpir proved polш ally uns c­ tim ound 870 or ot too ma y y ars fterwards. Не rrived t th e e e a e e ie en e � ena� e e a n ee an ran a e c ssful; how v r, s suggest d arl r, а g uin cultural reb1rth (r 1s­ court of Charl s th B ld i the 840s. Не knew Gr k, d t sl t d rhe e n e e ar e n e a le e i n e i n s sance) took plac u d r th C olingians which was to hav а lasti g l g cy comp te works of Ps udo-D o ysius, th Amb gua a d Quaestione ad an a e e ne i e e e n an i n r an e a i is in m y r as. Charl mag tr ed to cr at а cultur for his ew ��risti Thallass cum Ьу Maximus Co fesso , d Gr gory of Nyss 's De hom n a a la e e ci n e e a a a empire, ttr cting scho rs from all ov r Europ (Lombards, V1S1goths, opf o [?n the Maki g of Мал]. Th s urhors h d а major imp ct оп a an n e a e n _ n e n n e e en l Anglo-Saxons, Fr nks d Irish), promoti g th rt , t� fou datю of Eпug na s ow thought, a d he quot s xt sive y from their works in his e n e � a re a s e e ain e e e a e schools, th copyi g of Scripture, th study of class1c l1ter tu nd the own Periphy eon. Som of th m rh m s h dopts from Ps udo­ a e e a e a a n e a e e a n e e e a i e n n a n e F th rs and so forth. B c us Ch rlem g e wish d to h v а r li Ыe text of Dio ysi us ar th mph s s оп rh u k ow Ыe ature of God, the rol s a in i e e a e in an a ne a e an i e e l e e e n e r rhe L t B Ьle Q rom 's Vulg t ), study of Lat d its most import nt of g tiv d pos tiv th o ogy and th them s of proc ssion a d r tu n. a a a e e e e i e a e en e e n e ea e uthors w s cultiv r d. Study of th s v n l b ral rts (grammatica, rhetorica, A.ft r the turbul c s of pr vious ce turi s (discussed rli r) dialectica, arithmetica, geometria, astronomia, musica) a e a e n a n e i e Pater Europae e e w s ncour g d i Ch rlemag e (ло 742-814), som t mes call d (th Fath r a e as a n a ll r e ry e e e r as a c th dral schools. lt w M rria us C pe a (fou rh c ntu ) who, in his of Europ ) was crown d Emp ror Ьу Роре Leo III оп Ch istm D y ло ii e a a e an en a e an i n an e ra e e De Nuptiis Philologiae et Mercur [Th M rri g of Philology d 800. This ev r h d mor th а symbol c sig ific c : it illust t s how rh e ry e ea e a n e a e n i a n i n a a an i ar e e M rcu ], had b qu th d the tr ditio of the sev n liberal rts t? th рарасу tur ed ts tte t o w y from Byz t um tow ds th W st - Middle e na e r a e ary e e n r in e l i n a e a i n e n n Ag s.