THYROID SURGERY Editors: Wen Tian, MD; Emad Kandil, MD, FACS, FACE MD; Emad Kandil, MD, FACS, Tian, Editors: Wen SURGERY THYROID Editors: Wen Tian, MD; Emad Kandil, MD, FACS, FACE Associate Editors: Hui Sun, MD; Jingqiang Zhu, MD; Liguo Tian, MD; www.amegroups.com Ping Wang, MD; Kewei Jiang, MD; Xinying Li, MD, PhD www.amegroups.com AME Publishing Company Room 604 6/F Hollywood Center, 77-91 Queen’s road, Sheung Wan, Hong Kong Information on this title: www.amepc.org For more information, contact [email protected] Copyright © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of AME Publishing Company. First published 2015 Printed in China by AME Publishing Company Wen Tian; Emad Kandil Thyroid Surgery ISBN: 978-988-14027-4-5 Hardback AME Publishing Company has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. The advice and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views or practices of AME Publishing Company. No representations are made by AME Publishing Company about the suitability of the information contained in this book, and there is no consent, endorsement or recommendation provided by AME Publishing Company, express or implied, with regard to its contents. Foreword Thyroid disease is one common and frequently occurring disease, which is very harmful to human health. Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignancies, and also one of the few malignancies with ascending occurrence rates. Rapid development of economy in recent years has advanced the progress of medical technology, making more and more novel technologies widely applied. The treatments for thyroid disease have been also constantly updated and improved, of which surgery plays a quite significant role. Over the last decade there has been a rapid expansion in the number of different surgical approaches available to patients undergoing thyroid/parathyroid surgery. These articles from the book Thyroid Surgery were written by the world known experts in the field of thyroid surgery. Specially, multiple articles are covering the range of most widely adopted remote access techniques and minimally invasive procedures. Several related procedures are also discussed, including robotic lateral neck dissection. This book does not contain that definitive data that well establish the role of Thyroid Surgery in the very field, while providing readers with the up-to-date knowledge and advanced techniques in the area of thyroid surgery, adding the precious experience of experts across the world. From the advance of the basic research of thyroid disease to the spectacular progress of thyroid surgery, from neck dissection in differentiated thyroid carcinoma to video-assisted and robotic-assisted thyroid/ parathyroid surgery, the book will show readers a vivid picture of the recent progress of thyroid surgery. I’m of great honor to be invited to write this preface for this fantastic new book on thyroid surgery and here would like to congratulate the editors, Profs. Tian and Kandil, as well as the authors on the success of this forthcoming book. I believe this comprehensive collection of articles will be a valuable resource for all thyroid related practitioners, medical personals and scientists who devote their professions to science and patients. I also wish that readers could always find an article of your interest from this book. Rong Li, MD Professor, Department of General Surgery General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Beijing 100853, China. © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. www.amegroups.com Foreword The last few decades have witnessed a continuous increase in the incidences of thyroid nodule and thyroid cancer. For instance, an estimated 62,450 new cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2015, accounting for 3.8% of all the new tumor cases. Fortunately, the development and applications of new technology and diagnostic/therapeutic approaches have dramatically promoted the basic research and surgical procedures for thyroid cancer. Many novel thyroid surgeries (e.g. video-assisted surgeries and robotic surgeries) have emerged, and an increasing number of patients have received such surgeries in more hospitals. However, neck lymph node dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer remains a controversial procedure in terms of prophylactic central neck dissection, range of lateral neck dissection, and use of molecular markers (e.g. BRAF) for guiding dissection. Thus, a thorough understanding and awareness of these controversial issues will be helpful to inform the clinicians to develop the optimal treatment protocol and thus benefit the patients. This new book, Thyroid Surgery, delivers the latest findings on thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Contributed by many top international experts, the book details the most debatable issues in this field. It is intended to update the knowledge and skills of thyroid surgery for physicians from departments of thyroid surgery, endocrine, nuclear medicine, and pathology. We hope our readers will find this book interesting and informative. Lin Chen, MD Professor & Director, Department of General Surgery General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Beijing 100853, China. © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. www.amegroups.com Preface We are very pleased to announce the launch of the book Thyroid Surgery, with the collective effort from the eminent thyroid experts around the world. Since its first introduction, thyroid Surgery has developed for more than 100 years. Particularly in the past few decades, the technique of thyroid surgery becomes more and more matured and refined. It is inspiring to witness thyroid Surgery has become the main treatment for thyroid cancer. However, limited by current understanding and evidence, thyroid Surgery still faces quite a lot of challenges. For example, it remains controversial regarding how to avoid the potential damage of recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery and what is the indication for Subtotal thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy. It is time for us to take a retrospective journey on thyroid Surgery with an outlook on its future. Keeping that in mind, the book on thyroid cancer aims to be an operative manual and reference in clinical practice. Instead of only focusing on thyroid surgery and being didactic and pedantic, the book gives an overview on current evidence and the state-of-art in thyroid surgery with case presentation. From basic Research of thyroid tumors to efficacy analysis of different surgical treatment, the book will also facilitate the translation from basic research to clinical practice. We believe this textbook will set a basis for future consensus and guideline in thyroid surgery. Finally our sincere thanks go to all the authors for their valuable input that makes this collective work possible. Wen Tian, MD Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100853, China Emad Kandil, MD, FACS, FACE Edward G. Schlieder Chair in Surgical Oncology, Chief of Endocrine Surgery Section, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. www.amegroups.com Thyroid Surgery (FIRST EDITION) EDITORS AUTHORS Wen Tian, MD Yari Yuritzi Aguilera-Molina Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of the Department of Surgery, Complejo Asistencial Universitario People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing 100853, China de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Emad Kandil, MD, FACS, FACE Patrick Aidan Edward G. Schlieder Chair in Surgical Oncology, Chief of Department of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, The Endocrine Surgery Section, Tulane University School of American Hospital, Paris, France Medicine, New Orleans, USA Zaid Al-Qurayshi Division of Endocrine and Oncological Surgery, ASSOCIATE EDITORS Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA Hui Sun, MD Department of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Stefano Amendola Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ospedale Israelitico, Rome, Italy Jingqiang Zhu, MD Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, West China Daniel April Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China Division of Endocrine and Oncological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Liguo Tian, MD Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA Editorial office, Chinese Journal of Practical Surgery, Shenyang 110001, China Rizwan Aslam Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School Ping Wang, MD of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China Marcin Barczyński Department of Endocrine Surgery, Third Chair of General Kewei Jiang, MD Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People’s Hospital Poland; of Peking University, Beijing 100044, China Parisha Bhatia Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of ASSISTANT EDITOR Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA Xinying Li, MD, PhD Steven R. Bomeli Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital,