DOCUMENT RESUME ED 054 118 SP 007 311 AUTHOR Beakley, John C.; And Others TITLE The Source Book of Marine Sciences. INSTITUTION Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Div. of Curriculum and Instruction. PUB DATE 70 NOTE 152p. EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS *Biology, *Curriculum Guides, *High School Curriculum, *Marine Biology, *Science Curriculum ABSTRACT GRADES OR AGES: Not specified. SUBJECT MATTER: Marine sciences. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The guide has 39 chapters, each set out in a similar pattern but with minor variations: 1)to the teacher, 2)to the student, 3) problem or purpose, 4) materials, 5)procedure, 6)questions for consideration, and 7)references. Major topics covered include salt-water aquaria, the nature of tides, use of a microscope, beach analysis, the salinity of sea water, studies of a variety of sea creatures, the analysis of marine populations, and the preparation of herbarium mounts. The guide is illustrated with drawings and some photographs. It is printed and perfect-bound with a soft cover. OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES: The objectives for each lesson are given in the paragraphs on "purpose." The greater part of each chapter covers student activities. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Equipment needed for the various activities, together with reference material, is listed in each chapter. There are separate lists of periodicals, newsletters and journals, and films. (MBM) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, THE EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEENREPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVEDFROM SOURCE BOOK THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATIONORIG- INATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OROPIN- IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OFEDU- OF MARINE CATION POSITION OR POLICY. SCIENCES 1970 PREPARED AS AN N.D.E.A. SPECIAL PROJECT FOR USE IN FLORIDA PUBLIC SCHOOLS DEPARTME DUCATION TALLAH RIDA FLOYD T. CHRI MMISSIONER WRITING TEAM John C. Beak ley, Instructor Marine Science Resource Teacher Palm Beach County Board of Public In- struction, West Palm Beach, Florida Robert A. Golden, Science Teacher, Killian High School, Miami, Florida George J. Renwick, Instructor Biology, Newberry Col- lege, Newberry, South Carolina. Formerly Science Teacher in Martin County Senior High School, Stu- art, Florida E. Ray Roberts, Instructor - Marine Science, Martin County Senior High School, Stuart, Florida Edward M. Taylor, Instructor Marine Science, River- view High School, Sarasota, Florida ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many persons and organizations have provided encourage- ment and support to this initial effort to make greater use of local environment in the teaching of science in Florida Schools. The members of the writing team deserve a special note of thanks for sharing their own field and laboratory exper- iences in this publication and to the Florida Environ- mental Sciences Committee for its overall direction of this effort and to its individual members for their critical review of the final draft. Sincere appreciation is expressed for the generosity of the Florida Oceanography Society at Stuart, Florida, for making available its facilities for meetings of the Environ- mental Committee and providing its headquarters, com- plete with Marine Library, as the locale for the writing team's work in the summer of 1967, and to the Martin County School System for loan of clerical equipment for use by the writing team. iii2 As environmental education receives increasing attention in Florida school systems, marine science is being acknowledged as uniquely effective, appropriate vehicle for learning about the total environment. TheSOURCE BOOK FOR MARINE SCIENCES first distributed in 1968, is a facilitating instrument that has contributed greatly to the geometric increase of marine science programs throughout the state. Although the original intent of the SOURCE BOOK was that of a resource material for teachers, it received such wide acclaim that the supply of copies was soon exhausted and it became inperative to reprint. Through the continuing efforts of many fine marine science educators who gave of their time, the Department of Educationwas able to revise and print the SOURCE BOOK. Special appreciation is entended to Mr. E. Ray Roberts, Science Department, Chairman, Martin County High School. As chairman of the Revision Committee of the SOURCE BOOK FOR MARINE SCIENCES, it was through his persistent efforts in stimulating all those concerned that the publication and distribution of this revised edition was accomplished. INTRODUCTI ON This book has been prepared in the interest of the youth ofthe State's public school efforts in the utilization of our Florida experiencing more meaningful science under-local environment in collaboration with the total science standings through the use of their local environment. Itprogram. This first effort has been centered around the has been developed to assist the science teachers and marine sciences area primarily because of the great interest public school students in making greater use of the uniquebeing shown by the young people of Florida in the po- environment of the "Sunshine State". tential of the seas for solutions to the social and economic The Source Book of Marine Sciences is the first of anproblems which they must face in the next century and anticipated list of source books covering all environmental secondly, because of the great interest being shown by aspects of the state: others to be developed will cover federal, state, and local governments as well as industry in Florida Geology, Flora and Fauna, Limnology, Meteo-the year-around potential for exploration and develop- rology, etc. The development of these additional source ment of Florida waters. books is contingent on the proven worth of this, the initialThe materials contained in this resource book were de- effort. veloped with the primary aim of assisting science teachers The State of Florida with its exceptionally long coastline, at all levels and subject fields to better their courses by favored by year around outdoor weather conditions, is utilization of the local environment where feasible. This naturally inclined toward a study of the latest scientific book is in no way intended as a separate course of study. frontier, "Innerspace". Over the past years, with growingWhere interest and conditions warrant investigation by interest in scientific studies in the public school, an in- groups of advanced students under teachers with excep- creasing number of schools began advanced studies in the tional qualification to direct such studies, this book might marine sciences area. This prompted a meeting of sciencewell serve as the backbone of a course of study to be teachers, science educators, and university scientists at developed on the local level. Tavares, Florida, to examine science program needs withIn the overall interest of developing additional resource respect to the seas. The examination at this meeting dis-materials on this and other aspects of our Florida environ- closed that the needs for the State of Florida encompassed ment, teachers using these materials are encouraged to more than just the surrounding waters but required theforward their reactions, recommendations and their own involvement of the total environment of our unique state. locally developed lab and field exercises to the Consul- Out of the Tavares meeting the Florida Environmentaltants for Science Education, State Department of Educa- Sciences Committee was formed with the task of guiding tion, Knott Building, Tallahassee, Florida 32304. CONTENTS Participants iii Introduction to the Marine Arthropods: Acknowledgement iii The Class Crustacea 83 Introduction Barnacles Their Habits and Life Histories 89 Contents vii The Florida Blue Crab: Callinectes Marine Science...Synopsis ix sapidus Rathbun 93 Salt-Water Aquaria for the Laboratory Shrimp: Their Behavior, Anatomy, and Classroom 1 Commercial Importance 97 Using the 24-Hour Clock 9 Statistical Methods 101 The General Nature of Tides, Including A Statistical Analysis of a Fiddler Instructions in the Use of the Tide Tables 11 Crab Colony 105 Charting Local Current Systems: Field The Florida Spiny Lobster: and Lab Exercise 15 Panulirus argus 109 Measuring With a Microscope 19 Sea Urchin Fertilization and Development 113 Beach Analysis 23Embryology of Live Bearing Fishes 117 Turbidity 29 Shark Study 121 Determination of Suspended Solids in Fin Ray & Vertebrae Analysis: Taxonomic Water (Nonfilterable Residue) 33 Key to Bony Fish 127 pH Determination of Sea Water 35Determining the Age of Fish by The Determination of the Salinity of Counting Scale Rings 131 Sea Water: Refractometer Method 39The Feeding Habits of Fishes 135 The Determination of the Salinity of Determining Salinity Tolerances of Sea Water: Titration Method 43 Local Organisms 137 Microscopic Forms in the Sand: Light: The Importance of the Study of the Marine Bacteriology 47 Physical and Biological Properties of Agar Digesters: Marine Microbiology 51 Light in Ocean Water 139 Bioluminescence 53Determination of Population Size by the The Taxonomy of Marine Animals 55 Lincoln Index Method 141 Plankton 61 Analysis of Marine Populations 145 The Living World Within a Sponge 71 Preparation of Herbarium Mounts 147 Sponge Spiculation (Phylum Porifera) 73Herbarium or Instrument Drying Box 149 Stinging Cells-Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterates) 75Tables of Conversion Factors 150 The Pelecypod Gill (Phylum Mollusca) 77Periodicals, Journals, Newsletters 153 Horseshoe Crab 79Film List 157 4 vii MARINE SCIENCE...SYNOPSIS TO THE TEACHER