ASTRO-H Space X-ray Observatory White Paper Clusters of Galaxies and Related Science T. Kitayama (Toho University), M. Bautz (MIT), M. Markevitch (NASA/GSFC), K. Matsushita (Tokyo University of Science), S. Allen (Stanford University), M. Kawaharada (JAXA), B. McNamara (University of Waterloo), N. Ota (Nara Women’s University), H. Akamatsu (SRON), J. de Plaa (SRON), M. Galeazzi (University of Miami), G. Madejski (Stanford University), R. Main (University of Waterloo), E. Miller (MIT), K. Nakazawa (University of Tokyo), H. Russel (University of Waterloo1), K. Sato (Tokyo University of Science), N. Sekiya (JAXA/University of Tokyo), A. Simionescu (JAXA), T. Tamura (JAXA), Y. Uchida (JAXA/University of Tokyo), E. Ursino (University of Miami), N. Werner (Stanford University), I. Zhuravleva (Stanford University), and J. ZuHone (NASA/GSFC) on behalf of the ASTRO-H Science Working Group Abstract The next generation X-ray observatory ASTRO-H will open up a new dimension in the study of galaxy clusters by achieving for the first time the spectral resolution required to measure velocities of the intracluster plasma, and extending at the same time the spectral coverage to energies well beyond 10 keV. This white paper provides an overview of the capabilities of ASTRO-H for exploring gas motions in galaxy clusters including their cosmological implications, the physics of AGN feedback, dynamics of cluster mergers as well as associated high-energy processes, chemical enrichment of the intracluster medium, and the nature of missing baryons and unidentified dark matter. arXiv:1412.1176v1 [astro-ph.HE] 3 Dec 2014 1Also at Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge 1 Complete list of the ASTRO-H Science Working Group Tadayuki Takahashia, Kazuhisa Mitsudaa, Richard Kelleyb, Felix Aharonianc, Hiroki Akamatsud, Fumie Akimotoe, Steve Allenf, Naohisa Anabukig, Lorella Angelinib, Keith Arnaudh, Marc Audardi, Hisamitsu Awakij, Aya Bambak, Marshall Bautzl, Roger Blandfordf, Laura Brennemanb, Greg Brownm, Edward Cackettn, Maria Chernyakovac, Meng Chiaob, Paolo Coppio, Elisa Costantinid, Jelle de Plaad, Jan-Willem den Herderd, Chris Donep, Tadayasu Dotania, Ken Ebisawaa, Megan Eckartb, Teruaki Enotoq, Yuichiro Ezoer, Andrew Fabiann, Carlo Ferrignoi, Adam Fosters, Ryuichi Fujimotot, Yasushi Fukazawau, Stefan Funkf, Akihiro Furuzawae, Massimiliano Galeazziv, Luigi Gallow, Poshak Gandhip, Matteo Guainazzix, Yoshito Habay, Kenji Hamaguchih, Isamu Hatsukadez, Takayuki Hayashia, Katsuhiro Hayashia, Kiyoshi Hayashidag, Junko Hiragaaa, Ann Hornschemeierb, Akio Hoshinoab, John Hughesac, Una Hwangad, Ryo Iizukaa, Yoshiyuki Inouea, Hajime Inouea, Kazunori Ishibashie, Manabu Ishidaa, Kumi Ishikawaq, Yoshitaka Ishisakir, Masayuki Itoae, Naoko Iyomotoaf, Jelle Kaastrad, Timothy Kallmanb, Tuneyoshi Kamaef, Jun Kataokaag, Satoru Katsudaa, Junichiro Katsutau, Madoka Kawaharadaa, Nobuyuki Kawaiah, Dmitry Khangulyana, Caroline Kilbourneb, Masashi Kimuraai, Shunji Kitamotoab, Tetsu Kitayamaaj, Takayoshi Kohmuraak, Motohide Kokubuna, Saori Konamir, Katsuji Koyamaal, Hans Krimmb, Aya Kubotaam, Hideyo Kuniedae, Stephanie LaMassao, Philippe Laurentan, Franc¸ois Lebrunan, Maurice Leuteneggerb, Olivier Limousinan, Michael Loewensteinb, Knox Longao, David Lumbap, Grzegorz Madejskif, Yoshitomo Maedaa, Kazuo Makishimaaa, Maxim Markevitchb, Hironori Matsumotoe, Kyoko Matsushitaaq, Dan McCammonar, Brian McNamaraas, Jon Millerat, Eric Millerl, Shin Mineshigeau, Ikuyuki Mitsuishie, Takuya Miyazawae, Tsunefumi Mizunou, Koji Moriz, Hideyuki Morie, Koji Mukaib, Hiroshi Murakamiav, Toshio Murakamit, Richard Mushotzkyh, Ryo Naginog, Takao Nakagawaa, Hiroshi Nakajimag, Takeshi Nakamoriaw, Shinya Nakashimaa, Kazuhiro Nakazawaaa, Masayoshi Nobukawaal, Hirofumi Nodaq, Masaharu Nomachiax, Steve O’ Dellay, Hirokazu Odakaa, Takaya Ohashir, Masanori Ohnou, Takashi Okajimab, Naomi Otaaz, Masanobu Ozakia, Frits Paerelsba, Stephane´ Paltanii, Arvind Parmarx, Robert Petreb, Ciro Pinton, Martin Pohli, F. Scott Porterb, Katja Pottschmidtb, Brian Ramseyay, Rubens Reisat, Christopher Reynoldsh, Claudio Ricciau, Helen Russelln, Samar Safi-Harbbb, Shinya Saitoa, Hiroaki Sameshimaa, Goro Satoag, Kosuke Satoaq, Rie Satoa, Makoto Sawadak, Peter Serlemitsosb, Hiromi Setabc, Aurora Simionescua, Randall Smiths, Yang Soongb, Łukasz Stawarza, Yasuharu Sugawarabd, Satoshi Sugitaj, Andrew Szymkowiako, Hiroyasu Tajimae, Hiromitsu Takahashiu, Hiroaki Takahashig, Yoh Takeia, Toru Tamagawaq, Takayuki Tamuraa, Keisuke Tamurae, Takaaki Tanakaal, Yasuo Tanakaa, Yasuyuki Tanakau, Makoto Tashirobc, Yuzuru Tawarae, Yukikatsu Teradabc, Yuichi Terashimaj, Francesco Tombesib, Hiroshi Tomidaai, Yohko Tsuboibd, Masahiro Tsujimotoa, Hiroshi Tsunemig, Takeshi Tsurual, Hiroyuki Uchidaal, Yasunobu Uchiyamaab, Hideki Uchiyamabe, Yoshihiro Uedaau, Shutaro Uedag, Shiro Uenoai, Shinichiro Unobf, Meg Urryo, Eugenio Ursinov, Cor de Vriesd, Shin Watanabea, Norbert Wernerf, Dan Wilkinsw, Shinya Yamadar, Hiroya Yamaguchib, Kazutaka Yamaokae, Noriko Yamasakia, Makoto Yamauchiz, Shigeo Yamauchiaz, Tahir Yaqoobb, Yoichi Yatsuah, Daisuke Yonetokut, Atsumasa Yoshidak, Takayuki Yuasaq, Irina Zhuravlevaf, Abderahmen Zoghbih, and John ZuHoneb aInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan bNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, MD 20771, USA cAstronomy and Astrophysics Section, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland dSRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands eDepartment of Physics, Nagoya University, Aichi 338-8570, Japan fKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA gDepartment of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan hDepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA iUniversite´ de Geneve,` Geneve` 4, Switzerland jDepartment of Physics, Ehime University, Ehime 790-8577, Japan kDepartment of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan lKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02139, USA mLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA 94550, USA nInstitute of Astronomy, Cambridge University, CB3 0HA, UK oYale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Yale University, CT 06520-8121, USA pDepartment of Physics, University of Durham, DH1 3LE, UK qRIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan rDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan sHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MA 02138, USA 2 tFaculty of Mathematics and Physics, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan uDepartment of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan vPhysics Department, University of Miami, FL 33124, USA wDepartment of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary’s University, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada xEuropean Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Madrid, Spain yDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Aichi University of Education, Aichi 448-8543, Japan zDepartment of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan aaDepartment of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan abDepartment of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan acDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, NJ 08854-8019, USA adDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, MD 21218, USA aeFaculty of Human Development, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan afKyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan agResearch Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan ahDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan aiTsukuba Space Center (TKSC), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan ajDepartment of Physics, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan akDepartment of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan alDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan amDepartment of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan anIRFU/Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France aoSpace Telescope Science Institute, MD 21218, USA apEuropean Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands aqDepartment of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan arDepartment of Physics, University of Wisconsin, WI 53706, USA asUniversity of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada atDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA auDepartment of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan avDepartment of Information Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Tohoku Gakuin University, Miyagi 981-3193, Japan awDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan axLaboratory of Nuclear Studies, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan ayNASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, AL 35812, USA azDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Nara Women’s University, Nara 630-8506, Japan baDepartment of Astronomy, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA bbDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, MB R3T 2N2, Canada bcDepartment of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan bdDepartment of Physics, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan beScience Education, Faculty of Education, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan bfFaculty of Social and Information Sciences, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi 475-0012, Japan 3 Contents