User Requirements for Air Traffic Services (URATS) Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS) Technologies Edition 3.0 - JULY 2017 DISCLAIMER The information contained in this document is subject to constant review and up-date in the light of changing government requirements and regulations. Users of this publication should not act on the basis of any such information without referring to applicable laws and regulations and/or without taking appropriate professional advice. Although every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, the International Air Transport Association shall not be held responsible for loss or damage caused by errors, omissions, misprints or misinterpretation of the contents hereof. © International Air Transport Association. All Rights Reserved. This publication, in whole or in part, may solely be used for internal study and application purposes, and for no other purpose. 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Box 113 Montreal, Quebec CANADA H4Z 1M1 URATS Edition 3.0 July 2017 © IATA (2017) 2 DOCUMENT CONTROL Edition Number Date of Issue 2.0 January 2010 3.0 July 2017 URATS Edition 3.0 July 2017 © IATA (2017) 3 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................. 4 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 COMMUNICATION............................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 NAVIGATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 SURVEILLANCE .................................................................................................................................................... 6 2 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 7 3 SUMMARY OF POSITIONS .............................................................................................................................. 8 3.1 COMMUNICATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 8 3.2 NAVIGATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 SURVEILLANCE .................................................................................................................................................. 10 4 COMMUNICATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 11 4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 11 4.2 GROUND–GROUND COMMUNICATIONS ................................................................................................................ 11 4.2.1 Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network and ATS Message Handling Services .................... 11 4.2.2 Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) .................................................................................................. 12 4.2.3 Air Traffic Services Interfacility Data Communication (AIDC) .............................................................. 12 4.3 AIR–GROUND COMMUNICATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 12 4.3.1 Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) .................................................... 13 4.3.2 Long Term Evolution (LTE) ................................................................................................................... 14 4.3.3 Very High Frequency (VHF) Voice ......................................................................................................... 14 4.3.4 High Frequency (HF) Voice ................................................................................................................... 15 4.3.5 Voice Communication via Satellites (SATVOICE) .................................................................................. 15 4.3.6 Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) ............................................................................ 16 4.3.7 Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)................................................. 16 4.3.8 VHF Data Link (VDL) Mode 2 ................................................................................................................ 16 4.3.9 VHF Data Link (VDL) Mode 3 ................................................................................................................ 17 4.3.10 VHF Data Link (VDL) Mode 4 ................................................................................................................ 17 4.3.11 High Frequency Data Link (HFDL) ........................................................................................................ 17 4.3.12 L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS) ........................................................... 17 4.3.13 Aeronautical Telecommunication Network over Internet Protocol Suites (ATN IPS) ........................... 18 4.4 OTHER DATA LINK SERVICES ............................................................................................................................... 18 4.4.1 Digital Automatic Terminal Information Service (D-ATIS) .................................................................... 18 4.4.2 Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) ................................................................................. 18 5 NAVIGATION ................................................................................................................................................ 19 5.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 19 5.2 PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION (PBN)........................................................................................................... 19 5.3 WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM-84 (WGS-84) ........................................................................................................... 20 5.4 CONVENTIONAL GROUND-BASED NAVIGATION AIDS ............................................................................................... 21 5.4.1 Non-Directional Beacon (NDB) ............................................................................................................. 21 5.4.2 Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) ................................................................................................ 22 5.4.3 VHF Omni-directional Range (VOR) ..................................................................................................... 22 5.4.4 Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) .......................................................................................................... 22 5.4.5 Instrument Landing System (ILS) .......................................................................................................... 23 5.4.6 Microwave Landing System (MLS) ....................................................................................................... 23 5.5 GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) ................................................................................................... 23 URATS Edition 3.0 July 2017 © IATA (2017) 4 5.6 GNSS AUGMENTATIONS .................................................................................................................................... 24 5.6.1 Aircraft-Based Augmentation System (ABAS) ...................................................................................... 24 5.6.2 Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) ...................................................................................... 25 5.6.3 Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) ..................................................................................... 26 5.6.4 Comparison on signal-frequency ABAS Baro-VNAV, GBAS and SBAS .................................................. 29 5.7 NEXT GENERATION DUAL-FREQUENCY, MULTI-CONSTELLATION (DFMC) GNSS .......................................................... 31 6 SURVEILLANCE ............................................................................................................................................. 34 6.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 34 6.2 PRIMARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR (PSR) ................................................................................................................