Case 1:17-cv-00915-RDM Document 16 Filed 09/14/17 Page 1 of 210 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA JOSHUA L. HOLLADAY, SHIRLEY § ATKINSON, CRYSTAL HASTINGS, § DOMENICK J. ALAGNA, BRIAN CLARK § ALLDRIDGE, JOANN ALLDRIDGE, § ANDREW CHARLES MAJOR, ASHLEY § MEIKEL MAJOR, A.M.M, a minor, § RONALD ALLDRIDGE, DIANNA § ALLDRIDGE, TODD ALLDRIDGE, § TRAVIS R. BASS, HAROLD BASS, § MARY L. BASS, ALLEN MILTON, § AARON BASS, ADAM C. BASS, LISA § LAMBERT, DANIEL BIVENS, GRANT R. § BLACKWELL, TERAY A. BUNDY, § EVAN W. BYLER, THOMAS M. COE II, § HEATHER N. COE, V.T.C., a minor, § QUENTIN D. COLLINS, MELIDA § COLLINS, SIERA N. COLLINS, SHAWN § COLLINS, MICHAEL A. COLLINS, § I.C.C., a minor, JAY M. FONDREN, ANNE § PLAINTIFFS’ H. FONDREN, M.J.F, a minor, ANTONIO § FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT M. FREDERICK, ERNESTO P. § HERNANDEZ III, LAURA F. § HERNANDEZ, E.H., a minor, N.H., a § Case No.: 1:17-cv-00915-RDM minor, ERNESTO I HERNANDEZ II, TINA § L. HOUCHINS INDIVIDUALLY, AND § Hon. Randolph D. Moss FOR THE ESTATE OF AARON D. § GAUTIER, GREGORY E. HOGANCAMP, § TARA K. HUTCHINSON, JERRALD J. § JENSEN, WYMAN H. JONES, IOAN A. § KELEMEN, RANDALL L. § KLINGENSMITH, JONATHAN F. § KUNIHOLM, MICHELE TERESE QUINN, § S.K., a minor, BRUCE KUNIHOLM, § ELIZABETH KUNIHOLM, ERIN § KUNIHOLM, JOHN MAINE, AYAD M. § MAJEED, SANA ALI, M.A.M, a minor, § M.A.M, a minor, S.M, a minor, HARDY P. § MILLS IV, JOSEPH C. MIXSON, § VIRGINIA B. MIXSON, JOSEPH § JOHNSON MIXSON, KARON MIXSON, § ALICIA MIXSON, BALTAZAR MORIN § JR., MIRANDA A. HARELSTON, JAMES § R. NICHOLS, QUEEN NICHOLS, JAMES § Case 1:17-cv-00915-RDM Document 16 Filed 09/14/17 Page 2 of 210 NICHOLS, THOMAS NICHOLS, SHARON § NICHOLS, SEAN M. NIQUETTE, § LAUREN NIQUETTE, MELINA ROSE § NOLTE INDIVIDUALLY, AND FOR THE § ESTATE OF NICHOLAS S. NOLTE, A.N., § a minor, ANITA NOLTE, JESSICA § NOLTE, TIMOTHY J. O’SULLIVAN, § MICHAEL L. OWEN, LAURIE MILLER, § R.O., a minor, COLIN L. PEARCY, LAIRD § PEARCY, ANNE PEARCY, JODY § STRIKER, KARYN MCDONALD, § ANDREW PEARCY, PATRICK PEARCY, § JAMES J. POOLE III, ALLISON P. § ROOSIEN, PEGGY J. PORTWINE § INDIVIDUALLY, AND FOR THE § ESTATE OF BRIAN L. PORTWINE, § MARK J. PRATT, SONJA RUHREN § INDIVIDUALLY, AND FOR THE § ESTATE OF DAVID ALAN RUHREN, § BRIAN R. SCHAR, BRAD LEE § SCHWARZ, DANIEL W. SEGERS, § LARRY SEGERS, SHARON W. PARKER, § DAVID L. SEGERS, DAVID A. SIMMONS § II, ARTHUR B. STOKENBURY, TRAVIS § M. STRONG, TAYLER HESTON, § ANTHONY J. DURKACS, KOMA K. § TEXEIRA, BRIMA TURAY, RUTH § TURAY, ALLEN R. VAUGHT, GRANT § BLANEY VON LETKEMANN II, KELLY § LYNN VON LETKEMANN, SEAN LEE § WILLIAMS, SUE ANN WILLIAMS, § JOSHUA B. WOLFE, JEFF M. WRIGHT, § ROGER L. YOUNG, § § (Addresses filed under Seal) § § Plaintiffs, § § v. § § THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN § The Ministry of Foreign Affairs § Imam Khomeini Avenue § Tehran, Iran § § § Case 1:17-cv-00915-RDM Document 16 Filed 09/14/17 Page 3 of 210 THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARY § GUARD CORP (“IRGC”) § Armed Forces Headquarters Iran § Tehran – Zone 7 – Shariati § Ghoddoosi Square (Ghaar) § Tehran, Iran § § IRANIAN MINISTRY OF INTELLIGENCE § & SECURITY § (a/k/a Vezarat-e Ettela’at Va Amniat-e § Keshvar a/k/a VEVAK a/k/a VAJA) § Second Negarestan Street, Pasdarsan Avenue § Tehran, Iran § § BANK MARKAZI JOMHOURI ISLAMI § IRAN § (a/k/a the Central Bank of the Islamic § Republic of Iran) § Mirdamad Bouelvard § No. 198 § Tehran, Iran § § BANK MELLI IRAN § Ferdowsi Avenue § Tehran, Iran § § MELLI BANK PLC § 98a Kensington High Street § London 48 4SG § United Kingdom § § NATIONAL IRANIAN OIL COMPANY § Hafez Crossing § Taleghani Avenue § Tehran, Iran § § § Defendants. § § § § § § § § § Case 1:17-cv-00915-RDM Document 16 Filed 09/14/17 Page 4 of 210 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. NATURE OF THE CASE ........................................................................................ 1 II. JURISDICTION AND VENUE ............................................................................... 4 A. This Court Has Jurisdiction Over All Claims and All Parties. ................................. 4 1. This Court May Exercise Jurisdiction over the Subject Matter of All Claims Asserted Herein. ............................................................................................................ 4 i. Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act ..................................................................... 5 2. This Court May Exercise Personal Jurisdiction over All Parties to this Action. ... 5 B. Venue is Proper in this Court. ................................................................................... 6 III. LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND............................................................................ 6 IV. THE DEFENDANTS................................................................................................ 8 A. The Islamic Republic of Iran .................................................................................... 8 B. Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps ........................................................................ 12 C. The Iranian Ministry of Intelligence & Security (MOIS) ...................................... 14 D. Bank Markazi Jomhouri Islami Iran ....................................................................... 18 E. Bank Melli & Melli Bank Plc ................................................................................. 19 F. National Iranian Oil Company ................................................................................ 23 V. FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS ................................................................................. 26 A. Iran’s Long History of Materially Supporting And Encouraging Acts of International Terrorism ........................................................................................... 27 B. Iran’s Sponsorship and Material Support of Terrorism in Iraq............................... 31 C. Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps—Qods Force (IRGC-QF) ............................. 35 D. Hezbollah ................................................................................................................ 38 E. Iran’s Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL) ................... 44 F. Ansar al Islam ......................................................................................................... 46 G. Al Qaida Network ................................................................................................... 52 i Case 1:17-cv-00915-RDM Document 16 Filed 09/14/17 Page 5 of 210 1. Abu Musab Zarqawi and the Rise of Al Qa’ida in Iraq (“AQI”) ......................... 60 H. The Special Groups ................................................................................................. 64 1. The Badr Corps/Badr Organization...................................................................... 69 2. Kata’ib Hizballah ................................................................................................. 70 3. Jaysch al Mahdi & The Promised Day Brigades .................................................. 76 4. Asa’ib Ahl Al Haq ................................................................................................ 77 I. Iranian Signature Weapons Used in the Terrorist Attacks ...................................... 79 1. Explosively Formed Penetrators .......................................................................... 79 2. Improvised Rocket Assisted Munitions ............................................................... 86 J. Iran Evades Sanctions & Commits Acts of Terrorism Through Its Agents/Proxies ................................................................................................................................. 87 1. Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines .............................................................. 88 2. Mahan Air ............................................................................................................ 92 3. National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) ................................................................ 95 4. Khatam al-Anbiya Construction Company & The Headquarters for the Restoration of Holy Shrines ........................................................................................ 96 VI. THE PLAINTIFFS & THE TERRORIST ATTACKS ........................................ 104 A. The November 20, 2009 Attack – Supply Route of Kalzoo ................................. 106 1. Plaintiffs The Holladay Family .......................................................................... 106 B. The October 12, 2011 Attack – COS Gary Owen ................................................ 107 1. Plaintiffs The Alldridge Family ......................................................................... 107 C. The July 10, 2011 Attack – Forward Operating Base Garry Owen ...................... 110 1. Plaintiffs The Niquette Family ........................................................................... 110 D. The August 21, 2009 Attack – Route Irish, baghdad ............................................ 112 1. Plaintiff Randall Lavis Klingensmith ................................................................. 112 E. The November 22, 2008 Attack –En Route to FOB Kalsu................................... 113 ii Case 1:17-cv-00915-RDM Document 16 Filed 09/14/17 Page 6 of 210 1. Plaintiffs The Owen Family ............................................................................... 113 2. Plaintiffs The Williams Family .......................................................................... 115 F. The August 8, 2008 Attack – Baghdad ................................................................