Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy Public Disclosure Authorized AGRICULTURE MODERNIZATION PROJECT Environmental and Social Management Framework Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized November 2019 Environmental and Social Management Framework Environmental and Social Management Framework prepared by: Slavjanka Pejchinovska – Andonova Environmental Consultancy Company “ECOMOSAIC” DOOEL SKOPJE Str. Briselska no.4 1000 Skopje 2 Environmental and Social Management Framework TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE ESMF ............................................................................................................................ 11 1.2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR THE PREPARATION OF ESMF .................................................................... 11 1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................................. 12 1.4 SECTORAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT ...................................................................................................... 15 1.5 PROJECT INSTITUTIONAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ..................................................................... 15 2. BASELINE DATA ..................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 LOCATION AND SIZE .................................................................................................................................. 15 2.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................................... 17 2.3 TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE..................................................................................................................... 20 2.4 LAND USE ............................................................................................................................................... 23 2.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT-ECOSYSTEMS ..................................................................................................... 25 2.5.1 GRASSLANDS ........................................................................................................................................... 25 2.5.2 FORESTS ................................................................................................................................................. 27 2.5.3 ARID AND SEMI-ARID LANDS (ASALS) .......................................................................................................... 28 2.5.4 MOUNTAIN VEGETATION ........................................................................................................................... 28 2.5.5 FRESHWATERS AND WETLANDS ................................................................................................................... 28 2.5.6 PROTECTED AREAS WITHIN THE CHOSEN LOCATIONS ........................................................................................ 29 2.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 32 2.6.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ON ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION ................................................................................... 32 2.6.2 POPULATION ........................................................................................................................................... 32 2.6.3 ECONOMIC GROWTH & SETTING................................................................................................................. 34 2.6.4 ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT ..................................................................................................... 38 2.6.5 SOCIAL AND HEALTH CARE ......................................................................................................................... 39 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE, POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ............................... 41 3.1 THE NATIONAL LEGAL, REGULATORY AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ........................................................................ 41 3.1.1 APPLICABLE LAWS AND REGULATIONS ........................................................................................................... 41 3.2 RELEVANT SECTOR POLICIES AND REFORMS (IF APPLICABLE) ............................................................................. 46 3.3 RELEVANT INSTITUTIONS ............................................................................................................................ 46 3.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ADMINISTRATIVE/INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ................................................... 47 3.3.2 SOCIAL AND RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATIVE/INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................ 49 3.4 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES RELATED TO THE PROJECT......................................................................................... 51 3.5 INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS ................................................... 52 4. OVERVIEW OF THE WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK AND RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL STANDARDS ...................................................................................................... 53 4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK.................................................................................................. 53 4.2 ESS 1 - ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS AND IMPACTS ............................ 54 4.3 ESS 2 – LABOR AND WORKING CONDITIONS ................................................................................................. 55 4.4 ESS 3 – RECOURSE AND EFFICIENCY, POLLUTION PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT .............................................. 56 4.4.1 CLIMATE ADAPTATION .............................................................................................................................. 56 4.5 ESS 4 – COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY ................................................................................................... 56 4.6 ESS 5 – LAND ACQUISITION, RESTRICTIONS ON LAND USE, AND INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT ............................... 57 4.7 ESS 6 – BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF LIVING NATURAL RESOURCES .............. 57 4.7.1 FORESTS AND WETLANDS .......................................................................................................................... 58 4.7.2 PROTECTED AREAS ................................................................................................................................... 59 4.8 ESS 8 – CULTURAL HERITAGE ..................................................................................................................... 59 3 Environmental and Social Management Framework 4.9 ESS 10 – STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ............................................................ 59 5. DETERMINATION OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ........................................... 60 5.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS .................................................................................................................................... 60 5.2 POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS .................................................................................................................... 62 5.2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ........................................................................................................................ 62 5.2.2 POTENTIAL ADVERSE SOCIAL IMPACTS .......................................................................................................... 64 5.3 POTENTIAL CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ............................................................................................................... 65 5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PROCESS: IDENTIFICATION OF ADEQUATE MITIGATION MEASURES ........... 66 5.5 MONITORING PLANS AND INDICATORS ......................................................................................................... 78 5.5.1 MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL INDICATORS ............................................................................ 78 5.6 SPECIFIC PROJECT ISSUES ........................................................................................................................... 79 5.6.1 RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK AND RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLANS ........................................................... 79 5.6.2 LABOR MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES ............................................................................................................ 79 5.7 MONITORING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................................................. 80 6. PROJECT REVIEW, COORDINATION & IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS .......................................... 80 6.1 SUB PROJECT INVESTMENT REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 80 6.1.1 SCREENING AND SUB-PROJECT PREPARATION ................................................................................................