digitales archiv ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Rastegari, Mohammad Article A comparative analysis of facility level and population distribution in urban network of Yazd province Provided in Cooperation with: Iran Urban Economics Scientific Association, Tehran This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/11159/482 Kontakt/Contact ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft/Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Düsternbrooker Weg 120 24105 Kiel (Germany) E-Mail: [email protected] https://www.zbw.eu/econis-archiv/ Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieses Dokument darf zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken This document may be saved and copied for your personal und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie and scholarly purposes. 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Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft zbw Leibniz Information Centre for Economics A Comparative Analysis of Facility Level and Population Distribution in Urban Network of Yazd Province Mohammad Rastegari* Regional planning, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Saraei Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran Accepted:2015/11/14 Received:2015/08/16 Abstract: During last three decades, because of rapid influx of population into the cities, many problems have been emerged for cities. The Scientific-Research Thus, it is necessary to plan and present models in order to regulate Quarterly Journal of Urban urban network to reduce and organize emerging problems. Finding Economics and Management factors resulting from these events, presenting solution in order to ISSN: 2345-2870 Indexed in: ISC, EconLit, reduce unfavorably existing situation, and move toward balance in Econbiz, SID, Noormags, population and activity distribution are some of the most concerns of Magiran, Ensani, Civilica, planners and city managers. In this research, the relationship between RICeST urban facilities and population distribution in urban network was www.en.iueam.ir studied by evaluating level of enjoying municipal facilities in urban Vol. 4, No. 3(15) areas of Yazd Province. In terms of research type, it is developmental- Summer 2016 applied and in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical. Data were Pages: 1-18 collected by library studies, documents of Iran’s Statistical Center, statistical yearbook, and relevant documents. To analyze data and reach to practical results, numerical Taxonomy model and numerical analysis process were used. The results indicate that presented facilities and Downloaded from iueam.ir at 16:47 IRST on Wednesday January 11th 2017 services in urban areas have fairly big influence on balanced distribution of population; therefore, deductive rank of Taxonomy analysis that indicates level of enjoying facilities in the areas is in line with the rank of population distribution. In this regard, indexes relevant with municipal facilities and services can considerably play effective role on absorbing population, avoiding immigration, and decentralization in different areas. Keywords: municipal facilities and services, numerical Taxonomy, city of Yazd JEL Classification: N95, C65, P25, R11 * Corresponding author: [email protected] A Quarterly Journal of Urban Economics and Management _________________________________ 2 1- Introduction unequal (Sarmast and Zali, 2010). This Unbalanced distribution of urban attempt can also occur in the form of population is one of the dilemmas that it sustainable development and one of its has affected many today’s societies results can be moving toward sustainable causing several economic, demographic, development of areas. Sustainability of and cultural problems and so on. The areas can be defined as a form of emergence of extreme concentration of sustainable development that it leads to population in one or some specific urban urban sustainability and creation of ideal areas and the occurrence of primate city environment in order to form human are some signs of unbalanced distribution. relations. This will be achieved when the In other words, emergence of populated principles and approaches of sustainable cities leads to creation of primate city development to be applied as a principle phenomenon that it has created imbalance in urban and regional studies (Drakakis in the total urban system (Drakakis Smith, Smith, 1998). 1998). Henderson (2002) considers the One of most important and influential index of primate city as the ratio of the factors in directing to demographic situation population of the first city to the total urban of areas is the manner of qualitative and population that we may consider quantitative distribution of urban and unfavorably social, economic and cultural regional services and facilities. As status with growth of this index. mentioned before, this may help a lot in Some researchers believe that there is order to direct areas to sustainable no appropriate theory to determine development. Planners try to avoid primate city; therefore, most of them population concentration and consequently agree that primate city exists mainly in activity in some specific cities by presenting developing countries or small-industrialized municipal services to all residential areas. Downloaded from iueam.ir at 16:47 IRST on Wednesday January 11th 2017 ones (Zebardast, 2007). Jeferson Regardless of natural increase of believes that primate city in each country population and delay in movements that is like an independent and large city and increase Iran urban and rural population it indicates national ability and feeling spontaneously, immigration among different (Behforuz, 1995). Currently, about 12 areas (from village to city and one city to cities in the world have population of another) in order to find job is one of the more than 10 million people that it will be most important factors of population change increased to 33 ones by 2055 out of which (Research Center of Urban Development only two cities will be in developed and Architecture of Iran, 2002). On the countries (United Nation, 1994). other hand, climate, socio-cultural During historical eras, imbalance had features, qualitative and quantitative level increasing trend in the population of cities of municipal services and facilities, and their distribution (Roehner, 1995). economic and physical status and some Studies have indicated that population other issues are influential in these and activity in urban system of developing movements. Assessing the role of each countries have been more unbalanced and mentioned issues in population balance of 3 ____________________ A Comparative Analysis of Facility Level and Population Distribution … areas can be applied as a strategy in province and primate city of the region, directing development of areas through has demographic gap than other cities. improving each of mentioned indexes that According to the studies during the last can solve major social, economic, and half century, Yazd Province has experienced cultural problems and disorders that exist the dominance of primate city. Diagram 1 in some of Iran’s areas because of indicates the trend of changes of Entropy inappropriate distribution of population. during 1956 to 2006 in Yazd Province. This research aims to adjust the According to this diagram, it was almost relationship between the manner of sinusoidal so that it had many changes by population distribution and presenting 1986 and it decreased since then. Thus, municipal facilities and services. In other studying the indexes related to population words, the balance of presented municipal balance can be effective in future decisions services and facilities has been assessed of the province planning system in order in this paper. to improve spatial distribution of population The importance of this subject in the and activity. One of these indexes is geographic area of Yazd province is qualitative status of presentation and notable since demographic distribution of distribution of municipal services and Yazd cities is unbalanced. In a way that, facilities at the level of urban network of city of Yazd, as the center of this areas. Diagram1. Entropy changes based on urban areas of Yazd province during 1956 to 2006. 0.64 0.65 0.61 0.62 0.6 0.59 0.6 0.55 0.55 Entropy Coefficient Downloaded from iueam.ir at 16:47 IRST on Wednesday January 11th 2017 0.5 1956 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 Census year Reference: (Rastegari and Saraei, 2014) According to the research purpose, it 2- Literature Review seems that enjoyment level of facilities in Today, urban planners and designers, urban areas of Yazd Province is not in and economists consider the theory of accordance with spatial distribution of its balanced growth in different areas as a cities’ population. Thus, this hypothesis is properly regional planning to achieve to tested by using indexes related to balanced and equal development. They municipal