20 Jahre TOP500 mit einem Ausblick auf neuere Entwicklungen Hans Meuer Prometeus GmbH & Universität Mannheim [email protected] ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 11. - 12. September 2012 page 1 Outline Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics 1986 - 1992 & TOP500 Project Start in 1993 39 TOP500 Lists / Highlights of the 39th List and Developments Competition between Countries, Manufacturers and Sites Linpack Pros and Cons & Alternative Supercomputer Rankings HPC & Cloud Computing Summary ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 page 2 Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics & TOP500 Project Start in 1993 Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics 1986 – 1992 Presented at ISC’86 – ISC’92/Mannheim Supercomputer Seminars Counting of Supercomputers in the World 530 systems in the year 1992 ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 page 3 Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics & TOP500 Project Start in 1993 Manufacturer Share 100% NEC Hitachi 80% Fujitsu 60% CDC Cray 40% 20% 0% 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 page 4 Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics & TOP500 Project Start in 1993 Countries Share 100% Others 90% Others Europe 80% 70% Germany 60% France 50% UK 40% Japan 30% USA 20% 10% 0% 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 page 5 Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics & TOP500 Project Start in 1993 Deficits of the Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics Not very reliable Vector Supercomputers only – „numerical“/ mainly „scientific and engineering“ applications Definition of „Supercomputer“ necessary ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 page 6 Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics & TOP500 Project Start in 1993 Top500 Procedure Listing the 500 most powerful computers in the world Yardstick: Rmax of Linpack Solve Ax=b, dense problem, matrix is random Update twice a year: • ISC’xy in June in Germany • SC’xy in November in the U.S. All information available from the TOP500 webserver at: www.top500.org ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 page 7 Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics & TOP500 Project Start in 1993 Top500 Authors Project was started in spring 1993 by: Hans W. Meuer Erich Strohmaier Authors since: O6/1993 11/2000 Jack Dongarra Horst Simon ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 page 8 Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics & TOP500 Project Start in 1993 Dongarra's TOP500 List of World's Fastest Supercomputers Released at Mannheim Conference „CRPC researcher Jack Dongarra of the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory is one of three renowned computer scientists who assemble the legendary TOP500 List of the world's fastest supercomputers. Released twice a year since 1993, the list features sites with the most powerful computer systems, determined with information from a questionnaire sent to high-performance computer (HPC) experts, computational scientists, manufacturers, and the Internet community at large. Dongarra, Hans Meuer of the University of Mannheim, and Erich Strohmaier of the University of Tennessee released their June 1999 TOP500 List at the 14th Mannheim Supercomputing Conference and Seminar, held June 10-12 in Mannheim, Germany.“ Source: http://www.crpc.rice.edu/WhatsNew/top500.html The Center for Research on Parallel Computation at Rice University ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 page 9 Outline Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics 1986 - 1992 & TOP500 Project Start in 1993 39 TOP500 Lists / Highlights of the 39th List and Developments Competition between Countries, Manufacturers and Sites Linpack Pros and Cons & Alternative Supercomputer Rankings HPC & Cloud Computing Summary ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 page 10 39 TOP500 Lists / Highlights of the 39th List and Developments 38th List: The TOP10 – Nov 11 Rmax Power Rank Site Manufacturer Computer Country Cores [Pflops] [MW] K Computer RIKEN Advanced Institute for 1 Fujitsu SPARC64 VIIIfx 2.0GHz, Japan 795,024 10.51 12.66 Computational Science Tofu Interconnect Tianhe-1A National SuperComputer 2 NUDT NUDT TH MPP, China 186,368 2.566 4.04 Center in Tianjin Xeon 6C, NVidia, FT-1000 8C Oak Ridge National Jaguar 3 Cray USA 224,162 1.759 6.95 Laboratory Cray XT5, HC 2.6 GHz Nebulae National Supercomputing 4 Dawning TC3600 Blade, Intel X5650, NVidia China 120,640 1.271 2.58 Centre in Shenzhen Tesla C2050 GPU TSUBAME-2 GSIC, Tokyo Institute of 5 NEC/HP HP ProLiant, Xeon 6C, NVidia, Japan 73,278 1.192 1.40 Technology Linux/Windows Cielo 6 DOE/NNSA/LANL/SNL Cray USA 142,272 1.110 3.98 Cray XE6, 8C 2.4 GHz NASA/Ames Research Pleiades 7 SGI USA 111,104 1.088 4.10 Center/NAS SGI Altix ICE 8200EX/8400EX DOE/SC/ Hopper 8 Cray USA 153,408 1.054 2.91 LBNL/NERSC Cray XE6, 6C 2.1 GHz Commissariat a l'Energie Tera 100 9 Bull France 138.368 1.050 4.59 Atomique (CEA) Bull bullx super-node S6010/S6030 Roadrunner 10 DOE/NNSA/LANL IBM USA 122,400 1.042 2.34 BladeCenter QS22/LS21 ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 39 TOP500 Lists / Highlights of the 39th List and Developments 39th List: The TOP10 – Jun 12 Power # Site Manufacturer Computer Country Cores Rmax [Pflops] [MW] Sequoia Lawrence Livermore National 1 IBM BlueGene/Q, USA 1,572,864 16.3 7.89 Laboratory Power BQC 16C 1.6GHz, Custom K Computer RIKEN Advanced Institute for 2 Fujitsu SPARC64 VIIIfx 2.0GHz, Japan 795,024 10.5 12.66 Computational Science Tofu Interconnect Mira 3 Argonne National Laboratory IBM BlueGene/Q, USA 786,432 8.16 3.95 Power BQC 16C 1.6GHz, Custom SuperMUC 4 Leibniz Rechenzentrum IBM iDataPlex DX360M4, Germany 147,456 2.90 3.52 Xeon E5 8C 2.7GHz, Infiniband FDR Tianhe-1A National SuperComputer 5 NUDT NUDT TH MPP, China 186,368 2.57 4.04 Center in Tianjin Xeon 6C, NVidia, FT-1000 8C Jaguar 6 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray Cray XK6, Opteron 16C 2.2GHz, Gemini, USA 298,592 1.94 5.14 NVIDIA 2090 Fermi 7 CINECA IBM BlueGene/Q, Italy 163,840 1.73 0.82 Power BQC 16C 1.6GHz, Custom JuQUEEN Forschungszentrum Juelich 8 IBM BlueGene/Q, Germany 131,072 1.38 0.66 (FZJ) Power BQC 16C 1.6GHz, Custom Commissariat a l'Energie Curie thin nodes 9 Atomique Bull Bullx B510, France 77,184 1.36 2.25 CEA/TGCC-GENCI Xeon E5 8C 2.7GHz, Infiniband QDR Nebulae National Supercomputing 10 Dawning TC3600 Blade, China 120,640 1.27 2.58 Centre in Shenzhen Intel X5650, NVidia Tesla C2050 GPU ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 100 150 200 250 300 350 50 0 Replacement Rate Replacement 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 and Developmentsand TOP500 39 ZKI ZKI 1999 Herbsttagung 2000 2001 2002 / Lists in Leipzig 2012 Leipzig in 2003 2004 Highlights of the 39th List of 39th theHighlights 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 170 2012 39 TOP500 Lists / Highlights of the 39th List and Developments Performance Development 1 Eflop/s 123.03 PFlop/s 100 Pflop/s 16.32 PFlop/s 10 Pflop/s IBM Sequoia Roadrunner BlueGene/Q 1 Pflop/s SUM Fujitsu K Computer 100 Tflop/s IBM N=1 BlueGene/L NEC 60.82 TFlop/s 10 Tflop/s Earth Simulator 1.17 TFlop/s IBM ASCI White 1 Tflop/s Intel ASCI Red LLNL Notebook 59.7 GFlop/s Sandia 100 Gflop/s Fujitsu N=500 Notebook NWT NAL 10 Gflop/s 1 Gflop/s 400 MFlop/s Notebook 100 Mflop/s 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 page 14 39 TOP500 Lists / Highlights of the 39th List and Developments Performance Projection 100 Eflop/s 1 Eflop/s 10 Eflop/s 1 Pflop/s 1 Eflop/s 100 Pflop/s 10 Pflop/s SUM 1 Pflop/s 1 Tflop/s 100 Tflop/s N=1 10 Tflop/s 1 Tflop/s Notebook 6-8 years 100 Gflop/s N=500 Notebook 10 Gflop/s 8-10 years 1 Gflop/s Notebook 100 Mflop/s 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 page 15 Outline Mannheim Supercomputer Statistics 1986 - 1992 & TOP500 Project Start in 1993 39 TOP500 Lists / Highlights of the 39th List and Developments Competition between Countries, Manufacturers and Sites Linpack Pros and Cons & Alternative Supercomputer Rankings HPC & Cloud Computing Summary ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 page 16 Competition between Countries, Manufacturers and Sites 39th List: Countries / System Share Italy United States 2% others China Canada 12% 2% Japan Germany United States United Kingdom 4% 50% France France Germany 4% Canada Italy United Japan others Kingdom 7% China 5% 14% ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 Competition between Countries, Manufacturers and Sites Performance of Countries 100.000 ] US 10.000 EU [Tflop/s 1.000 Japan 100 China 10 1 Total Performance Performance Total 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 100 120 140 20 40 60 80 0 1993 Countries Asian 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 and Sites Manufacturers between Countries, Competition ZKI ZKI 2001 Herbsttagung 2002 2003 2004 2005 in Leipzig 2012 Leipzig in 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Japan South Korea, China India Others Competition between Countries, Manufacturers and Sites European Countries 200 180 Others 160 Poland 140 Russia 120 Spain 100 Sweden Switzerland Systems 80 Netherlands 60 Italy 40 France 20 United Kingdom 0 Germany 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 Competition between Countries, Manufacturers and Sites 39th List: Vendors / System Share Fujitsu; 7; 1% IBM Others; 46; 9% HP Oracle; 7; 1% Cray Inc. Dell; 12; 3% Appro Bull; 16; 3% SGI IBM; 213; 43% Bull SGI; 16; 3% Dell Appro; 19; 4% Oracle Fujitsu Cray Inc.; Others 27; 6% HP; 137; 27% ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 Competition between Countries, Manufacturers and Sites 39th List: Vendors (TOP50) / System Share IBM Cray Inc Bull SA Appro Others; 14; Others 28% IBM; 22; 44% Appro; 3; 6% Cray Inc; Bull SA; 4; 8% 7; 14% ZKI Herbsttagung in Leipzig 2012 Competition between Countries, Manufacturers and Sites Top20 Sites since 1993 Rank Sites Country Overall Share (1993-2012) 1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory USA 5.50% 2 Los Alamos National Laboratory USA 3.30% 3 Sandia National Laboratories USA 2.61% 4 Government USA 2.28% 5 DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory USA 2.18% 6 Japan Agency for Marine -Earth Science and Technology Japan 1.60% 7 NASA/Ames Research Center/NAS USA 1.47% 8 National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan Japan 1.29% 9 Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ) Germany 1.25% 10 NCSA USA 1.07% 11 DOE/SC/LBNL/NERSC USA 1.07% 12 ECMWF U.K.