PD-ABJ-466 Best available copy -- page 14 missing c A - lfiLSS-'-fIc 90 b 4.1 CARE HNTFEWr\lATHONU IN MOZAMBIQUE COlktlMUMTY WATER AND SANITATION PROJECT IPEMMBm PROVINCE Mid Term Evaluation Report CARE INTERNATIONAL IN MQZAMIUQUE Mid Term Evaluation Report FINAL REPORT' gulp Ems CARE CARE International in Mozambique DNA National Directorate of Water Affairs Em Rural Water Station EPAR Provincial Rud Water Station GEQMOC E.E. Parastatal Drilling Company rn International Humanitarian Assistance Fund NGO Non Governmental Organization PEC Participation and Community Education Department PRONAR National RdWater Prograunme UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund US AID United States Agency for International Development VLQM Village Level Operation and Maintenance INDEX 1.INTRODUCTION.. .................... '1 1.1 Background ................... 1 1.2 Project area .................... 2 1.3 Project description and objectives ......... 5 2 . TEE EVALUATION (mid-tern) MISSION ....6 3.1 Improved access to potable water sources ...... 7 3.2 Improved water supplies managed by users ...... 8 3.3 Improved rural sanitation ............. 10 4- IMPACT OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES 12 4.2 Water supply .................... 12 4.2 Sanitation ..................... i5 S.EVALUATIBIr.....m.~....*......m.. 16 5.1 Summary of project achievements and problems .... 16 5.2 Project perspectives ................ 19 I. INTRODUCTION Inhambane province, in the south-eastern part of Hozambique, has been heavily affected by the drought of 1992. Because of this drought and because of the insecurity caused by the recently finished war, most of the province districts ha3 to cope with severe instability and shortage of water, in particular the northern and central districts. The traditional wells existing in most of the communities, usually hand-dug by villagers, contained very little water or were dried up completely. Due to the rare rainfall during the 1992/1993 rain season, the lowered water level could not improve. As a result, people had to spent days in search of drinking water. Besides this problem, many of the concrete-lined wells, hand-dug by government agencies, did not recharge during the rain season because of major fine sand infiltration. Some of the wells suffered fro= attacks by Renamo insurgents. During the war, large areas of the interior land had been abandoned by the villagers. With the end of the war in October 1992 and the brief rainy season in 1993, people were encouraged to return to their farmland and to rebuild their life. For most of those people however, water shortage was a major problem. With the purpose of alleviating this problem in 1992, the Inhambane Provincial Government made a plan to construct water points as part of the National Plan for Post-War Reconstruction and asked support from the National Government and NGO's. National Rural Water Programme was assigned to undertake this mandate. They received approximately USD 250.800 of UNICEF/CIDA funding . One of the assigned NGOs to respond to this emergency programme was CARE-International. From April until December 1992, on request from the Inhambane Provincial Emergency Commission, CARE conducted an emergency water supply intervention taking care of a water supply programme which benefitted about 6000 people in Mabote district. The programme was successfully completed in 1993. In January 1993, seeing that the response to the water emergency programme did not ;meet local needs, the Inhainbane Provincial Emergency commission once again appealed to CARE for assistance. At the beginning of April, eaRE was able to respond with a USD 360.000 grant from the Canadian governmentfs International Humanitarian Assistance Programme (IhIA) . This funding permitted to implement a nine-month emergency water supply project in the two districts of Inhambane province, designed to construct 20 boreholes and 16 shallow wells which would benefit more than 26.000 people. IHA grant proposal was meant t~ fund CARE'S activities during the period April 1993/December 1993. In April 1993, a proposal for additional funding was submitted to USAID. This proposal was approved in September 1993 and a USD 867.468 USAID grant made it possible for CARE to broaden it's activities. According to the new proposal, this should be achieved by encouraging the sustainability of project interventions and extending the implementation period up to the end of December 1994. The project area was extended to include a larger number of districts in which another 30 boreholes and 10 shallow wells would he constructed. In addition to that, the project intended to construct 320 improved latrines in the whole area. Over 35.000 people would then benefit from improved access to water points and sanitation facilities. CARE is the only WGO in northern Inhambane with water supply and sanitation as its principle activity. 1.2 The Project Area While there was water shortage in whole Inhambane province, the lack of water was critical and life-threatening in the districts of Mabote, GOVUO, Vilankuls and Inkassoro. Approximately 70% of the total population of more than 226.600 inhabitants were affected by the acute shortage of drinking water. The people in Mabote and Vilankulo suffered the most. With no alternative water points, people in some areas drink salty borehole water of over 2000 mu's to ensure their survival. Due to the highly corrosive water, outmounted hand-pump designs not appropriate for village level 0&M, and no spare parts, hand- pump failures were (and still. are) common. CARE'S -project - uses a strategy in which major attention is paid to appropriate technology choice. For the construction of water points drilled boreholes (40 65 meters depth) and hand-dug - - shallow wells (6-10 meters depth) were chosen which, whenever necessary, would be provided with VLOM hand-pumps. Although salinity was known to be a problem in deeper aquifers of the northern region of Inhambane which, apparently favours the use of hand-dug shallow wells instead of boreholes, the construction of hand-dug shallow wells was limited to a minimum. This was because of the soil characteristics at the region (superficial rock layers) which does not favour hand-dug constlruction of shallow wells. In order to reduce to a minimum the possibilities of pump failures due to corrosion of downhole components because of salinity, pups with these components made of WC or galvanized steel were chosen (Afridev C Volanta pumps). In order to achieve sustainable objectives, an approach was developed through which, technology choice is balanced with a strategy of coaeamonity involvement. Villagers are being encouraged to feel responsible for the care of constructed water sources. Tbrough a parternship approach, benefitted communities are involved in all stages of project implementation regarding the siting, construction, and the OhM constructed water points. Together with reliable and safe water sources, the project intends to provide the communities with sanitation education with emphasis to improved hygienic practices. Latrines are being constructed to ensure that the newly constructed water pofnts continue to provide clean potable water to the villagers. PROV~NCIA. - -. .DE . INHAMBANE. - .. -- SOFALA c! ORRUHBENE LIW?€ Dg OfSTR I f 0 ESTRAQA NAC. PICAOA 1.3 Project description and objectives The main goal of the project is to improve the health status of at least 35,000 people in Mabote, Govuro, Vilankulo and Inhassoro in Inhambane Province. This objective is meant to be achieved by: * increasing the access to a secure potable groundwater supply for communitieswith no easily accessible alternative sources, * improving water supply points maintained & managed by users through users committees * developing an acceptable strategy for the development of an sustainable rural sanitation programme. Expected outputs by the end of the project according to project objectives, are: 50 boreholes drilled in the districts Vilankulo Inhassoro, Mabote and Govuro, each equipped with an apron drain and a Afridev or Volanta hand-pump on a sealed well head. Out of this number, 20 boreholes to be drilled in Mabote and Govuro districts according to the IHA grant schedule. 26 hand-dug shallow wells. Out of this number, 10 in Vilankulo and Inhassoro districts each with an apron drain and Afridev pump installed on a sealed well head and 16 in Mabote and Gowro districts each with apron drain, and a sealed lid with removable cover. 320 improved latrines constructed, clean and funcC.ioning transfer of technical skills to community and counterparts establishment of effective community training and participation programme at least 40 village level water & health committees formed and trained as health promoters 160 community water source caretakers trained and equipped for pump repair and water point maintenance with adequate gender balance of participants pilot users pay programme which includes 40 new developed water pints establishment of monitoring and evaluation programme. 2. THE EVALUATION (MID-TERM) Mf SSION From 16th to 25th May 1994, an evaluation mission was carried out in Inhambane Province by an external consultant with the main purpose of evaluating the actual progress of the project during the first nine months of implementation. Specific objectives of the mission were: to see if project objectives are being reached with particular attention to community involvement and the socio-economic conditions for community responsibility for on-going costs of hand-pump maintenance and repair, a preliminary