CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE OF NEOLAMARCKIA CADAMBA (ROXB.) BOSSER SEEDS AFTER STORED IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS Erwin Anak Asong Bachelor of Science with Honours QX (Plant Resource Science and Management) 661 £73 2006 2006 J • l Khidn NIVER A ~ 1J"\. J~'''' '''''''''' 94'100 Kota Samarahao CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE OF NEOLAMARCKIA CADAMBA (ROXB.) BOSSER SEEDS AFTER STORED IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS ERWIN ANAK ASONG This Pfoj~ct report is submitted in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science with Honours Plant Resource Science and Management Faculty Resource Science and Technology UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAW AK 2006 ,.... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to my project supervisor, Dr. Petrus Bulan and co-supervisor, Dr. Siti Rubiah for giving me this opportunity to work on this project and also for their guidance, encouragement and dedication in the execution and completion of the study. My special appreciation to Mr. Amin Mangi for his technical support and all the postgraduate students in Cryopreservation Laboratory, who had helped me lot in improving my laboratory skills. I am very grateful to Miss Shelly Unsa, Mr. Sidu Richard and Mr. Thomas Jawi for their assistance in this project. Finally, my utmost thanks to my family especially to my parents for their endless love and support not just for this project, but also throughout my years as a UNlMAS student. This project has been a wonderful experience for me, academically and personally, whereas I could not make this far without the support of each and everyone of you. So once again, thank you very much and may God biess you all. ii Pusat Khidmat Makfumat Akadenna UNlVERS MALAYSIA SARAWA'J ~aJtl3J3llla' fl TABLE OF CONTENT Contents Title Page ....................................................................................... Acknowledgement. .. .. .. .. .. 11 Table ofContents.............................................................................. 111 List of Plate .................................................................................... v List of Figures ................................................................................. VI List ofTables... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. vii Abstract ......................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background......................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement................................................................. 3 1.3 Objectives.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 5 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Characteristics of Seed... .. .. .. 6 2.2 Factors Affecting Seed Quality 2.2.1 Seed Germination........... ..... ... ...... .... ............ ... ...... .... 8 2.2.2 Seed Viability............................................................ 9 2.2.3 Seed Moisture Content.. ...... ......... ..... .... ...... ..... ... ...... ... 10 2.2.4 Seed Storage............................................................. 11 III CHAPTER 3 MATERIAL AND METHOD 3.1 Material.............................................................................. 14 3.2 Methods 3.2.1 Measurement ofFruit. ... .... ..... ............ .... ..... ... ....... ....... 14 3.2.2 Desiccation of Seed.. ... 15 3.2.3 Storage of Seed. .... .......... ... ........................................ 15 3.3 Evaluation of Seeds Quality 3.3.1 Moisture Content Test................................................... 16 3.3.2 Germination Test............................................. ........ .... 17 CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISSCUSION 4.1 Size ofFruit and Seed............................................................. 18 4.2 Weight offruit and seed........................................................ ... 20 4.3 Quality of seed...................................................................... 21 4.4 Storage ofSeed.... ...... ... ......... ......... ... ............ ...... ... .............. 22 4.4.1 Seed Stored in Ambient Room........................................ 23 4.4.2 Seed Stored in Air-conditioned Room............................. ... 27 4.4.3 Seed stored in Refrigerator................................... ..... .. ... 31 4.4.4 Seed Stored in Cold Room........................................ ..... 34 4.4.5 Seed Stored in Incubator.............. .................................. 39 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION......................... 43 REFERENCES.................................................................................. 46 APPENDIXES................................................................................... 39 iv ,... LIST OF PLATES Plate 1. Immature N. cadamba fruit. Plate 2. Ripe N. cadamba fruit. Plate 3. N. cadamba seed and it's capsule. Plate 4. N. cadamba seed. Plate 5. N. cadamba seed capsule. Plate 6. N. cadamba seed and its capsule. Plate 7. N. cadamba seed. Plate 8. N. cadamba seed capsule. Plate 9. Immature N. cadamba fruit. Plate 10. Fresh N. cadamba seed and it'capsule. Plate 11. Seeds and accessory ofN. cadamba. Plate 12. N. cadamba seed kept in airtight bottle. Plate 13. Seeds placed in genninator for gennination. Plate 14. Seeds placed on moist filter paper in petri dish. Plate 15. ~e~d: with radical. Plate 14. Seed with radical at least 2 mm long counted as germinated. Plate 15. The fleshy part ofN. cadamba fruits manually removed. v I , LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Moisture content and germination of N. cadamba seeds after dehydrated in silica gel. Figure 2: Germination of N. cadamba seeds stored m ambient room (28 - 30°C) after dehydrated in silica gel. Figure 3: Moisture content of N. cadamba seeds stored in ambient room (28 - 30°C) after dehydrated in silica gel. Figure 4: Germination of N. cadamba seeds stored in air-conditioned room (20 - 23°C) after dehydrated in silica gel. Figure 5: Moisture content of N. cadamba seeds stored in air-conditioned room (20 - 23°C) after dehydrated in silica gel. Figure 6: Germination of N. cadamba seeds stored in refrigerator (3 - 5°C) after dehydrated in silica gel. Figure 7: oisture content of N. cadamba seeds stored in refrigerator (3 - 5°C) after dehydrated in silica gel. Figure 8: Germination of N. cadamba seeds stored in cold room (-4°C) after dehydrated in , - .0 silica gel. Figure 9: Moisture content ofN. cadamba seeds stored in cold room (-4°C) after dehydrated in silica gel. Figure 10: Germination of N. cadamba seeds stored in incubator (40°C) after dehydrated in silica gel. Figure 11: Moisture content of N. cadamba seeds stored in incubator (40°C) after dehydrated in silica gel. vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The analysis of variance on germination of seed stored in ambient room. Table 2: The analysis of variance on moisture content of seed stored in ambient room. Table 3: The analysis of variance on germination of seed stored in air-conditioned room. Table 4: The analysis of variance on moisture content ofseed stored in air-conditioned room. Table 5: The analysis of variance on germination of seed stored in cold room. Table 6: The analysis of variance on moisture content of seed stored in cold room. Table 7: The analysis of variance on germination of seed stored in refrigerator. Table 8: The analysis of variance on germination of seed stored in refrigerator. Table 9: The analysis of variance on moisture content of seed stored in incubator. Table 10: The analysis of variance on moisture content of seed stored in incubator. Table 11: The germination and moisture content of seed stored in ambient room. Table 12: The germination and moisture content of seed stored in air-conditioned room. Table 13: The germination and moisture content of seed stored in refrigerator. Table 14: The germination and moisture content of seed stored in cold room. Table 15: The germination and moisture content of seed stored in incubator. Vll ,...... ,.. Characteristic$ and Performance of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Seeds after Stored in Different Environments Erwin Anak Asong Program of Plant Resource Science and Management Faculty of Resource Sciences and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak ABSTRACT A study was conducted to detennine the physical characteristics and to assess the gennination of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser seeds in different storage environment. Seeds were dehydrated in silica gel for 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours then were kept in airtight bottles and stored in five environments: ambient room (28 - 30°C), air-conditioned room (20 - 23°C), refrigerator (3 - 5°C), cold room (-4°C) and incubator (40°C) for 21 days. The dehydrated seeds at 72 hours were found successfully genninated after stored in all environments with mean gennination between 64.93 to 87.37% after 21 days of storage. The highest germination of 100% was obtained after 72 hours of dehydration for seeds kept in cold room after 6 days with 14.1 4% moisture content. The most suitable environment was for seeds stored in cold room where germination was between 50.72 to 87.37% for a period up to 21 days. The temperature of storage gave significant different in percentage of gennination of seeds. Key words: Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser, seed, dehydration, storage, moisture content and germination. A BSTRAK Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menentukan ciri-ciri jizikal dan untuk menilai percambahan biji benih Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser di dalam persekitaran penyimpanan yang berbeza. Biji benih telah dinyahhidratkan di dalam silika gel pada tempoh masa 0, 24, 48, 72 dan