CLAYOQUOT SOUND BIOSPHERE RESERVE Periodic Review, August 2010 Photo credit: Curtis Cook Photo credit: Satnam Manhas Photo credit: Allison Timmermans Photo credits (unless otherwise specified): Sharmalene Mendis-Millard George Francis, Sharmalene Mendis-Millard, and Maureen Reed With help from Colleen George PREFACE: CONDUCT OF THE PERIODIC REVIEW .............................................................................................. 1 SECTION 1. NAME OF THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE ............................................................................................. 7 1A. MAP AND LOCATION .................................................................................................................................. 7 1B. YEAR OF DESIGNATION AND FIRST PERIODIC REVIEW ......................................................................................... 8 1C. CHANGES OR CORRECTIONS FOR THE UNESCO/MAB BIOSPHERE RESERVE DIRECTORY ......................................... 9 1D. ACTIONS IN RESPONSE TO PREVIOUS PERIODIC REVIEW ...................................................................................... 9 1E. OTHER OBSERVATIONS OR COMMENTS ON THE ABOVE ...................................................................................... 9 Photo interlude ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 SECTION 2. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN THE PAST TEN YEARS ............................ 17 2A. BRIEF SUMMARY OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 17 2B. UPDATED BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE ............................................................ 20 2b (i) Zones .............................................................................................................................................. 20 2b (ii) Human population of the biosphere reserve .................................................................................. 21 2c (iii) Climate ........................................................................................................................................... 22 2b (iv) Biological characteristics ................................................................................................................ 23 2b (v) Development function ................................................................................................................... 24 2b (vi) Logistic support function ................................................................................................................ 24 2b (vii) Institutional aspects ....................................................................................................................... 24 2C. THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE ORGANIZATION AND / OR ASSOCIATED GROUP(S).......................................................... 25 2c (i) Cooperation plans and statements of vision, goals and objectives .............................................. 25 2c (ii) Budget and staff support .............................................................................................................. 25 2c (iii) Communications strategy ............................................................................................................. 27 2c (iv) Strategies for fostering networks of cooperation ......................................................................... 28 2c (v) Role in addressing social and cultural issues ................................................................................. 28 2c (vi) Obstacles and challenges .............................................................................................................. 29 2c (vii) Other .............................................................................................................................................. 29 2D. MATTERS OF SPECIAL INTEREST .................................................................................................................. 30 2d (i) Management Plans ....................................................................................................................... 30 2d (ii) The local biosphere reserve organization ....................................................................................... 31 2d (iii) Appropriateness of the current zonations ...................................................................................... 32 2d (iv) “Sustainability” as a deliberate guiding theme for programs in the biosphere reserve ................ 32 2d (v) Scientific work linked with national and international programs .................................................. 33 2d (vi) Cross-scale relationships in social-ecological systems .................................................................. 35 2d (vii) Strengthening collective capacities for governance ....................................................................... 35 2d (viii) Continued justification for a biosphere reserve ............................................................................. 36 SECTION 3. THE CONSERVATION FUNCTION ................................................................................................. 37 3A. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN HABITAT AND BIODIVERSITY ..................................................................................... 37 3B. CONSERVATION PROGRAMS ....................................................................................................................... 37 Park and protected core areas .................................................................................................................................. 37 Tribal parks................................................................................................................................................................ 40 Important bird areas ................................................................................................................................................. 41 Other initiatives ........................................................................................................................................................ 41 3C. LINKING CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................. 43 3D. OTHER COMMENTS/OBSERVATIONS FROM A BIOSPHERE RESERVE PERSPECTIVE .................................................... 43 Involvement by the Clayoquot Biosphere Trust ........................................................................................................ 43 SECTION 4. THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION ............................................................................ 44 4A. ECONOMIC AND RESOURCE USE TRENDS ....................................................................................................... 44 Resource Stewardship: Watersheds and Forests ..................................................................................................... 44 Forestry ..................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Model forest/forest community programs ............................................................................................................... 46 Proposed Barkley Community Forest ........................................................................................................................ 47 Resource Stewardship: Fisheries, coastal and marine conservation ....................................................................... 48 Resource Stewardship: Aquaculture ........................................................................................................................ 50 Resource Management: Minerals, Oil and Gas ........................................................................................................ 52 Agriculture and local food systems ........................................................................................................................... 53 4B. COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................................... 54 The general situation ................................................................................................................................................ 54 4C. COMMUNITY SUPPORT FACILITIES AND SERVICES ............................................................................................ 56 4D. OTHER COMMENTS/OBSERVATIONS ON DEVELOPMENT FROM A BIOSPHERE RESERVE PERSPECTIVE .......................... 59 The Ecotrust Canada alternatives ............................................................................................................................. 59 CBT involvement ....................................................................................................................................................... 61 SECTION 5. THE LOGISTICS FUNCTION................................................................................................... 63 5A. RESEARCH: INSTITUTIONS, INITIATIVES, STUDIES, AND MONITORING ................................................................. 63 5B. ENVIRONMENTAL / SUSTAINABILITY EDUCATION ............................................................................................ 63 Within