arch 5124 ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY 2 Part 2B 30 April 2015 15.3 Mb, 13,751 words 22 Early 20th Century. Modernism 23 Frank Lloyd Wright. Mies van der Rohe 24 Le Corbusier JUGENDSTIL, RIGA, LATVIA Built from 1899. In Riga, two main styles, decorative and romantic-nationalistic. Riga is one of the largest centres of Art Nouveau, with more than a third of the buildings of its Central District;. The main street for Riga's Art Nouveau district is Elizabetes, which crosses Brivibas Boulevard, also Alberta and Strelnieku Streets. There are 800 Jugendstil buildings in Riga. Most were designed and built by Latvian architects. The Latvian Ethnographic Exhibition in 1896 and the Industrial and Handicrafts Exhibition in 1901, which commemorated the city's 700th anniversary were dominated by pavilions designed in the new style. Within three years, Art Nouveau would become the only design style used in construction, adopted in the main by the new generation of architects who graduated from the Riga Polytechnic Institute. Buildings built at the beginning of the century in the city's medieval centre and on Alberta iela, most of which were designed by the Russian architect Eisenstein and the German architects Scheffel and Scheel. The floral, geometric and sculptural motifs decorating these buildings create rhythms that are typical of eclectic architecture. Refer: Latvian Museum of Architecture located in one of the Three Brothers, Old Town. Mikhail Eisenstein, architect In the decorative Jugendstil style, father of director Sergei Eisenstein. Elizabetes 10a and 10b, and Alberta 2, 2a, 4 and 8. Alberta 13 From 1904, now the Riga Graduate School of Law, fully restored and publicly accessible. Right around the corner: E Laube, K Peksens and A Vanags, architects Strelnieku Street Romantic-nationalist Art Nouveau. Terbatas Street 15/17 Brivibas Street 47, 58 and 62 Unidentified Art Nouveau, Riga, Latvia.1 1www.google.com.au/search?q=Riga.+art+nouveau.+images&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ& sa=X&ei=G8j8Ub_SAYyTiQeHyoCwBQ&ved=0CDoQsAQ&biw=1583&bih=947 Architects: towards and since Modernism Current to 9 June 2012, for the latest version, refer separate file. 1. Engineering, Arts & Crafts Joseph Paxton (1803-65), Chatsworth and London, Engineering. Peter Ellis (1808-88), Liverpool, Engineering. Frederick Olmstead (1822-1903), New York, Picturesque public landscape. Philip Webb (1831-1915), London, Arts & Crafts, English Domestic Revival. Richard Norman Shaw (1831-1912), Edinburgh, London, Arts & Crafts and Queen Anne. Gustav Eiffiel (1832-1923), Paris, Engineering. William Le Baron Jenney (1832-1907), Chicago, architect and engineer, steel- frame. William Morris (1834-96), London, designer, entrepeneur and ploitical theorist, Arts & Crafts. Frantz Jourdain (1847 -1935) Paris, architect, art critic and man of letters. Engineering and Beaux Arts, designer of great department stores and theatres. Henry Hobson Richardson (1838-86), Chicago, Romanesque Revival. Otto Wagner (1841-1918), Vienna. Classicism, Secessionism. Camillo Sitte (1843-1903), Austro-Hungary. Odon Lechner (1845-1914), ‘Hungarian Gaudi.’ Daniel Hudson Burnham (1846-1912) of Burnham & Root (), Chicago, Engineering. Charles Harrison Townshend (1851-1928), London, anglicised Art Nouveau. Antonio Guardi (1852-1926), Barcelona, Art Nouveau, Mathematics, Expressionism. Louis Sullivan (1856-1924), of Adler & Sullivan (1879-95), Louis Sullivan (1895- 1919), Chicago, proto-Art Nouveau, Engineering. Hendrik Petrus Berlage (1856-1934), Amsterdam, Arts & Crafts. 2. Art Nouveau, Secessionism Charles Francis Annesley Voysey (1857-1941), English Domestic Revival. Cass Gilbert (1859-1934), Engineering. Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925), Expressionism. Baron Victor Horta (1861-1947), Brussels, Art Nouveau. Hermann Muthesius (1861-1927), Berlin, London, architect, author and diplomat, Arts-and-Crafts. Henri van de Velde (1863-1957), Belgium, Germany, Weimar, Educator, furniture designer & architect, Art Nouveau, Modernism. Sir Raymond Unwin (1863-1940), London, engineer, architect and town planner. Jules Lavirotte (1864-1924), Paris, Art Nouveau. Richard Petersen (b 1865-), German traffic engineer. H Baillie Scott (1865-1945), Isle of Man. Arts & Crafts, English Domestic Revival. Ragnar Östberg (1866-1945) Stockholm, national romanticist. Hector Guimard (1867-1942), Paris. Art Nouveau. Joseph Olbrich (1867-1908), Vienna, Secessionist. Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928), Glasgow. Art Nouveau, Secessionist. Greene & Greene (1896-1909), Charles Greene (1868-1957) and Henry Greene (1870-1954). Arts & Crafts. Sir Edwin Lutyens (1869-1944), Surrey, London and New Delhi. Arts-and-Crafts, Imperial Baroque Revival. Hans Poelzig (1869-1936), Berlin, Modernist and Expressionist. Albert Kahn (1869-1942) Detroit, industrial architect, stripped classical/modernist. Lars Sonck (1870-1956). Turku and Helsinki, Arts-and-Crafts, neo-Romanesque and Finnish National Romanticism. Joze Plecnik (1872, active: 1900-1957), Vienna, Belgrade, Prague and Ljubljana; Viennese Secession, early in-situ-concrete, classical forms in surprising ways. Robert Maillart (1872-1940), Zurich, civil engineer, reinforced concrete. Henri Sauvage (1873-1932), Paris, active 1909-28, sometimes with Charles Sarazin, Moderne proto-Modernism and Modernism. Eliel Saarinen (1873-1950), Helsinki and Ann Arbor, Michagen, Gesellius, Armas & Saarinen (1896-1907), to USA in 1923, with Eero Saarinen from 1937. Arts & Crafts, Nationalism. W Curtis Green (1875-1960), London, Classicism, Beaux Arts. 3. Modernism, Constructivism, Futurism Peter Behrens (1868-1940), Berlin. Modernism, Expressionism. Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959). Arts & Crafts, Modernism. Hans Poelzig (1869-1936). Modernism, Expressionism. Joseph Hoffmann (1870-1956), Vienna, Secessionism. Max Berg (1870-1947). Modernism, Expressionism. Adolf Loos (1870-1933), Vienna. Modernism. Antoine Pompe (1873-1980) Belgian, Brussels, Art Nouveau, Fin de Seicle and Modernism.2 Auguste Perret (1874-1954). Engineering. Gustave Strauven (1878-1919) Brussels, extreme Art Nouveau. Kasimir Malevich (1878-1935), Moscow, Constructivism. Eileen Gray (1879-1976), Ireland and Paris, Modernism. Bruno Taut (1880-1938), Berlin, Stuttgart, Modernist, architect, theorist, utopian, urban planner and author. William van Alen (1882-1954), Jazz Moderrne. Hugo Häring (1882-1958) German architect and writer, organic expressionist and functionalist, founding CIAM member. Ginzburg, Moisei (1882-1946), Moscow, architect, founder and theorist of Constructivism. Liya Golosov (1883-1945), Constructivism, Stalinism. Pierre Chareau, 1883-1950, Paris, Modernism, building and furniture design. Willem Marinus Dudok (1884-1974), Hilversum, Netherlands. Arts & Crafts, Moderne, Modernism. Theo van Doesburg (1883-1931) Amsterdam, painter, writer, poet and architect. Founder and leader of De Stijl. Michel de Klerk (1884-1923), Amsterdam, Amsterdam School and Expressionist. Louis Herman De Koninck (1896-1984) Brussels. Modernism and Constructivism. Vladimir Tatlin (1885-1953), Moscow, Constructivism. Josef Frank (1885-1967). Gunnar Asplund (1885-1940), Stockholm, Modernism, Nordic Classicism and the so-called Swedish Grace movement. Robert Mallet-Stevens (1886-1945) architect and designer, Paris, Modernism. Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe (1886-1969), Modernism. Erich Mendelsohn (1887-1953), Expressionism. Rudolph Schindler (1887-1953), Vienna and Hollywood, Modernism. Voji Watanabe (1887-1973). Le Corbusier (1887-1966), Modernism. Antonio Sant’Elia (1888-1916), Como, Futurism. Hans Emil ‘Hannes’ Meyer (1889-1954), Zurich, Dessau and Mexico City. Architect, educationist and publisher. Marxist, radical functionalist, anti- aestheticist. Yakov Chernikhov (1889-1951), Moscow, constructivist architect, writer and graphic designer. Jan Duiker (also Johannes Duiker) (1890 - 1935), Amsterdam, Paris. Partner of Bernard Bijvoet, 1919-25, from 1925 with Pierre Chareau, Constructivist. Konstantin Melnikov (1890-1974), Moscow, maverik architect and engineer, Constructivism. Williams, Sir Owen (1890-1969), London, pioneering Modernist/Functionalist engineer, with some Art Deco intrusions 2 Not in Curl. 1974 Catalogue held. 4. Late Modernism Jacobus Johannes Pieter Oud (1890-1963), Amsterdam. Gio Ponti (1891-1979), Milan, Classicism, Modernism. Pier Luigi Nervi (1891-1979), Engineering. Richard Neutra (1892-1970), Modernism. Walter Gropius (1893-1969), Germany. Hans Scharoun (1893-1972), Expressionism. André Lurçat (1894-1970), Paris and Moscow. International modernist. Landscape architect, furniture designer and city planner, founding member of CIAM. Wells Coates (1895-1958), Canada, London, Modernism, engineer, priduct designer. Richard Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983). Engineering. Sir Ove Arup (1895-1988), Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Copenhagen, Ove Arup and Partners (Arup Group Limited, 1946-, reformed 1970-), Modernism, Engineering.3 Skidmore Owings & Merrill (1936-), Louis Skidmore (1897-1962), Nathaniel Owings (1903-84) and John Merrill (1896-1975), Gordon Bunshaft (qv). Mart Stam (1899-1986, architect, urban planner, and furniture designer. Rotterdam, Berlin, Bauhaus and founding member of CIAM, Modernism and New Objectivity. Aalvar Alto (1898-1976), Helsinki, Modernism and Expressionism. Maxwell Fry (1899-1987) & Dame Jane Drew (1911-96). Fry, Drew & Partners (1945-), from 1951 with Sir Denys Lasdun (1914-). Modernism. Serge Chermayeff (1900-96), Modernism, writing, with Christiopher Alexander. Gio Ponti (1891-1979), Milan, 1920-79, Fascist rationalism and later Modernism.