NOTORNIS Journal of the Ornithological Society of New Zealand Volume 32 Part 2 June 1985 OFFICERS 1985-86 President - B. BROWN, 20 Redmount Place, Red Hill, Papakura Vice-president - D. E. Crockett, 21 McMillan Ave., Karno, Whangarei Editor - B. D. HEATHER, 10 Jocelyn Crescent, Silverstream Treasurer - D. F. BOOTH, P.O. Box 35337, Browns Bay, Auckland 10 Secretary - R. S. SLACK, c/o P.O., Pauatahanui, Wellington Council Members: BEN D. BELL, Zoology Dept, Victoria University, Private Bag, Wellington BRIAN D. BELL. 9 Ferry Road, Seatoun, Wellington P. C. BULL. 131A Waterloo Road, Lower Hutt P. D. GAZE, Ecology Division, Private Bag, Nelson B. J. GILL, Auckland Institute & Museum, Private Bag. Auckland J. HAWKINS, 772 Atawhai Drive, Nelson P. M. SAGAR, 38A Yardley Street, Christchurch 4 Cbnveners and Organisers: Rare Birds Committee: Secretary, J. F. M. FENNELL, 224 Horndon Street, Darfield, Canterbury Beach Patrol: R. G. POWLESLAND, Wildlife Service, Dept. of Internal Affairs, Private Bag, Wellington Librarian: A. J. GOODWIN, R.D. 1, Clevedon Nest Records: H. A. ROBERTSON, Ecology Division, DSIR, Private Bag, Lower Hutt CZassz ied Summarked Notes - dorth Island: L. HOWELL. 38 Okahu Rd., Kaitaia South Island: P. D. GAZE, Ecology Division, DSIR, Private Bag, Nelson S.W. Pacific Island Records: J. L. MOORE, 32 Brook St., Lower Hutt Editor of OSNZ news: P. SACAR, 38A Yardley St., Christchurch 4 SUBSCRIPTIONS AND MEMBERSHIP Annual Subsc~ition: Ordinary member $20; Husband & Wife mem- bers $30; funior member (under 20) $15; Life Member $400; Family member (one Notornis er household) bein other family of a member in the same house1 old as a member 510; Institution $40; Overseas member and overseas institution $5.00 extra (postage). Subscriptions are for the calendar year of first joining and are renewed invoice each anuary. Please pay promptly to ensure receiving 9otornis and 0SJ NZ News. Applications fm membership, changes of address and resignations should be sent to the Treasurer. Exchanges and library subscriptions should be sent to the Treasurer. Editorial matters ONLY should be sent to the Editor. [Registered with the GP,O Gisborne as a publication] ISSN 0029-4470 CONTENTS MacMILLAN, B. W. H. Breeding of Greenfinches in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand . .. McLENNAN, J. A.; MacMILLAN, B. W. H. The Predators of Eggs and Chicks of Greenfinches in a mixed farming area in Hawke 's Bay . ... .. , . TAYLOR, R. H.; WILSON, P. R. Adelie Penguin Rookeries at Coulman Island, Western Ross Sea, Antarctica . WAHL, T. R. The Distribution of Buller 's Shearwater (Puffinw bullen) in the North Pacific Ocean .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... Classified Summarised Notes - North Island . Classified Summarised Notes - South Island . Short Notes REESE, Peter. Hedge Sparrow feeding Chaffinch chicks . DRAKE, Janet. A macabre swallow nest . FLEMING, C. A. Hutton 's descriptive catalogue of New Zealand birds (1871) . SIBSON, R. B. Small skua at Taupo SCOTT WOOD, D. A .note on the nomenclature of the New Zealand stilts (Himantopw) . READ, Andrew. Predation of an arboreal rat by a New Zealand Falcon . Obituary: Noel Gleeson, E. D. Printed by TE RAU PRESS LTD.. Peel Street. Girbornr REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES FAR N0RTH:L. Howell, 38 Okahu Rd., Kaitaia. Ph. 7424. NORTHLAND: D. E. Crockett, 21 McMillan Ave., Kamo, Whangarei. Ph. 50954. AUCKLAND: M. J. Taylor, 28 Awarua Crescent, Orakei, Auckland 5. Ph. 549234. SOUTH AUCKLAND: Beth Brown, 20 Redmount Place, Red Hill, Papakura. Ph. 29881 57. WAIKATO: F. Nieuwland, 38 Berkley Ave., Hamilton. Ph. 62045. BAY OF PLENTY: P. C. M. Latham, c/o Papamoa Beach P.O., via Te Puke Ph. 420406. VOLCANIC PLATEAU: J. G. Innes, Loop Road, Okareka. Rotorua. Ph. 28107. GISBORNE/WAIROA: J. C. Henley, 9 Mason St.,Gisborne. Ph. 81581. TARANAKI: D. G. Medway, 25A Norman Street, New Plymouth. MANAWATU: L. J. Davies, 71 ickell Street, Palmerston North. WANGANUI: Ph. I0159. HAWKES BAY: K. V. Todd, 2/416 E. Heretaunga Street, Hastings. Ph. 82172. WAIRARAPA: C. Scadden. 15 Madden Place. Masterton. Ph. 86423 WELLINGTON: R. N. Thomas, 6 Satara Crescent, Khandallah, Wellington 4. Ph. 791 165. NELSON: J. Hawkins, 772 Atawhai Drive, Nelson. Ph. 520151. MARLBOROUGH: P. Jenkins, 234 Howick Rd., Blenheim. Ph. 83775. CANTERBURY: E. Graham, Woodchester, 76 Banks Ave., Christchurch 6. WEST COAST: C. S. Lauder, 9 Winnie Street, Greymouth. Ph. 6349. OTAGO: P. Schweigman, 121 Maryhill Terrace, ~ar~hill,Dunedin. Ph. 52790 SOUTHLAND: W. J. Cooper, 218 Chelmsford Street, Invercargill. Ph. 75281. LITERATURE AVAILABLE From all bookshops: A field guide to the birds of New Zealand, by R. A. Falla, R. B:Sjbson and E. G. Turbott, new ed. $19.95 From M. Bishop, Maungaku~aRoad, R.D. 3, Helensville: Back numbers of 'Notornis ': Parts of Vol. 1, 50c each Vols. 2-13, $1.00 per part; Vols. 14-21, $1.50 per part; Vos. 22-25, $2.00 per part; Vols. 26-29, $3.00 per part; Vols. 30-, $5.00 per part; all plus postage (10% in NZ). Reports and bulletins (1939- 1942) $2.00 OSNZ Library catalogue (1976 ed) 17 pp. $0.55 Banding reports, Nos 8-14, 55c each. Kermadec Expedition, 1964, by A. T. Edgar. $0.50 Amendments & Additions to 1970 Checklist $2.00 NOTORNIS is the journal of the Ornithological Society of New Zealand (Inc.) Editor: B. D. Heather, 10 Jocelyn Crescent SILVERSTREAM VOLUME 32 PART 2 JUNE, 1985 BREEDING OF GREENFINCHES IN HAWKE'S BAY, NEW ZEALAND By B. W. H. MacMILLAN ABSTRACT Information on the breeding of Greenfinches was collected over three breeding seasons (1979-1981) in Hawke's Bay from 104 nests, 78 clutches and 31 broods. The laying season lasted from mid-October to early February. The average clutch size was 4.60 eggs (n= 55 clutches). Sixty percent of completed clutches consisted of 5 eggs and 35% of 4 eggs. Twenty-seven percent of 297 eg s in 78 clutches resulted in young that flew. Predators removed 40 9! of eggs and 31% of young. Comparisons were made with 191 Greenfmch nest record cards collected over 47 years by the Ornithological Society of New Zealand and with data from Britain. Clutch sizes and brood sizes of Greenfinches in New Zealand were significantly smaller than in Britain. INTRODUCTION Greenfinches (Carduelis chloris) were introduced to New Zealand from Britain when they were liberated in Auckland in 1865-1868 (Thompson 1926). The only information on the breeding of Greenfinches in New Zealand is that of Niethammer (1970) and that recorded on 191 Ornithological Society (OSNZ) nest record cards collected over the years 1934 to 1981. Some information is available from Britain, where Monk (1954) and Newton (1972) studied breeding success and causes of failure. In the present study, nests were observed during the course of other work in two areas in Hawke's Bay, namely, the DSIR Research Orchard at Havelock North and Turamoe, a mixed livestock/arable-cropping farm on the Heretaunga Plains 16 lun south-west of Hastings. The breeding statistics were not part of a population study but represent the only information so far obtained for this bird in New Zealand. The study covered the breeding seasons of 1978-79, 1979-80 and 1980-81. In the third season, causes of predation were examined in detail and are reported elsewhere in this issue (McLennan & MacMillan 1985). TABLE 1 - Nesting sites used by Greenfinches Plant type used OSNZ nest Rawke'rr Bay records (present study) (nationwide) Holme oak (Quercus ilex) Elaeagnus (Elaeagnus pungens) Various conifer trees Fruit trees (peach, plum, apricot, apple, pear) Rose bushes (Rosa sp. Gorse (eeuropaeus) Msnuka and kanuka (Leptospermrm spp.) Matagouri (Discaria toumatou) Various thorn hedges (mainly hawthorn, Crataegus sp. ) Boxthorn (_Lycium ferocissimum) Other Total number used 183 104 TABLE 2 - Height above ground of Greenfinch nests Breeding season No. nests started Mean height Range (m) (m) 1978-79 44 2.1 0.9- 4.5 1980-81 All combined OSNZ nest records 187 2.6 0.9-10.7 1985 GREENFINCH BREEDING 87 METHODS AND DEFINITIONS Each week from mid-September the two study areas were searched for nests. Any found were subsequently examined twice a week. The plant species in which the birds had nested, height of nest above ground, date, clutch size, brood size, and number of young leaving the nest were recorded tor each nest. Some nests in tall hedges and pines were inaccessible. To calculate first-egg dates and hatching dates, incubation was assumed to begin when the last egg was laid and to last for 13 days (Monk 1954). Young fly from the nest 13-16 days after hatching (Newton 1972). A completed clutch was one where the number of eggs remained unchanged between visits. A clutch or brood was termed "successful" when at least one young bird flew from the nest or had young in it beyond day 12. Differences in clutch and brood sizes were examined by non-parametric tests; differences of p<0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Nest sites and height Table 1 shows the range of nest sites found in this study and a comparison with nationwide records derived from OSNZ nest record cards. In both samples, bushes and small trees, thorny hedges and shelterbelts appear to have been preferred. Gorse, Leptospemum, matagauri and hawthorn do not grow on Turamoe, but there are thickets of Elaeagnus raund the homestead and winter oaks in the shelterbelts. Nests were also built in taller trees but were difficult to locate. For example, at Turamoe, Greenfinch nests were occasionally seen high up in macrocarpa and pine trees. Clearly the birds use a wide range of structural types from thickets to trees, but the mean height above ground was very similar in the two samples (Table 2). Distribution of first-egg dates Figure 1 shows the distribution of first-egg dates from Hawke's Bay, and from the North Island and the South Island derived from OSNZ records.