T O A P m XIY MISSIOKARY CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATION IN GOA CHAPTliIt XIV MISSIONAlcY COHTRIBUTIOK TO EDUCATION III GOA Introduction The missionaries came to Goa soon after the conquest of Groa by the Portuguese in 1510. Afonso de Albuquerque, the first Viceroy of Groa, wished to establish schools in Groa in order to train administrative personnel and he had also made a beginning in that direction but he did not meet with notable success due to his military undertakings. The initiative in the field of education soon passed on to the religious congregations and monasteries (vide Ch.V ) . BEOOHDAEY EDUCATION In 1545» two secular priests set up a seminary in Goa for secular priests. That seminary was called the Seminary of Holy Faith (Seminario de Santa Pe). In 1548, the seminary was taken over by St. Francis Xavier in the name of the Company of Jesus, irtiich was a religious congregation. Sac Paulo College - The Jesuits converted the Seminary of Holy Faith into a college in 1556, on the insistence of King Dom Joao III of Portugal, from which year laymen also were admitted there. With the expulsion of Jesuits in 1759» college tecame extinct. A 2 2 Rachol Senlnajy - In I606, the Jeaiiitg establiohed a seminary at Rachol in Salcete taluka of the old conquests. After going through various transfomations,the seminary was finally converted into an institution for the training of priests. The Rachol Seminary exists even today. Another seminary v iz ., at Chorao in Ilhas taluka, was closed in 1859 (vide Ch.XII). Other congregations - In addition to the Company of Jesus, there wero other religious congregations opeir;^ting in Goa. They were the Franciscans, the Dominicans, the Augustinians and the Carmelites. With the restoration of the Constitutional Monarchy in Portu;^ in 1854, the initiative in the field of secondary education passed on to the state, which resrulted in the eatahlisiffiient of a National Lyceum at Panaji in Goa in 1854 (vide Ch.XIl). Early English nedixmi schools in Goa A secular priest, Dorn Jose Gaetano Gonsalves, established the first English medium school in Goa in 1883 at Airpora in Bardez taluka of the old conquests. The school was taken over in 1886 by another priest called Fr. W. Lyons, who hailed frcrni the North Kanara district of the present Mysore State. The school was recognized by the University of Bombay in 1900, thus maJcing it the first secondary school in Goa presenting candidates at the Matriculation examination. The school was handed over to the Diocese of Goa, as per the wishes of Fr. Lyons, following his death in 1925. 4ii3 According to the biographical sketches of the religious orders and congregations of priests and nuns that follow, it is evident, T/±th the exception of a few, that most of them came to Soa either in forties or fifties. Most of them established English raedium secondary schools in various parts of Goa there­ after and in some cases took aver the schools originally started by laymen. In 1940, out of the sixteen schools recognized by the University of Bcmbay in Gtoa, only four were run by religious congregations and missions and only three of them iiad presented candidates at the Matriculation examination in Maroh 1940» In 1 9 6 1, the number of such schools reco,^ized by the Secondaary School Certificate Examination Board of Poona had rised to sixteen (vide Ch.XIII) . During the year of Groa's liberation i .e ., in 1961, seven religious orders and congregations of priests and thirteen of nuns were functioning in Goa. Following are the biographical sketches of these orders and congregations BELIGIODS ORDERS AfTD CONGREGATIONS OP PRIESTS 1, Society of Missionaries of St. Francis Xavier (S.F.X.) - Popularly known as the Society of Pilar, it was fomded 4 2 4 by one Mr. Jose Mariano Clenente Bento Martins of Orlin, Salcete, Goa. It was founded on the 26th. of September 1867 with four meinbers, with the pennission of Archbishop Dom Antonio S. Valente. In February 1890, the Society was transferred to Filar in Ilhas taluka. After passing through some difficult years, the Society was reorganized in 1839 with a view to assisting the Seminary of Rachol by taking up the initial training of sone seminary students. In 1955» the Society of Pilar had, working under its control, three missions, v iz., a) Mission of Sanguera in the new conquests b) Mission of Canoel in Daman c) Mission of imbemath near Bombay. In 1955 the Society conducted a school at Pilar itself under the name of Pr. Agnel School, which imparted instruction in Poirtuguese and English. The Society also conducted another full-fledged English medium school, recognized by the Secondary School Certificato Examination Board of Poona, at Sanvordera in Quepem taluka of the new conquests. Society of Pilar aimed at the propagation of Catholic faith through education, social service, publication of newspapers and other periodicals, etc. 425 2. Society of Jeaus (Tho Jesuits) - This society was founded by St, Ignatius de Loiola in 1558 and approved by Pope Paul III on the 27th of Septcsraber, 1540. The ain of the society was to propagate Catholic faith and Cliristian doctrine throuf^ relifjious rites, print­ ing and publications and schools. The Society of Jesus cane to India in 1542 and established itself in Goa, Ivlalabar and Cochin. Tho Society became extinct in 1759 following the expulsion of Jesuits frcxn all over Portu{,^l and its colonies. It w-as re-established in I865 and in I89O it returned to India and settled itself in Belgaum (llysore State) under the name and style of •Goon Mission*. In 1955 the Society of Jesus conducted two English nediun schools in Goa, one at Margao and another at Mapuca, both in the old conquests. 5 . Order of Capuchinian Friars (Mijnors) - This order was founded in 1525 and is considered as a branch of Order of Minor Friars of St. Francis of Assissi. It Tsras approved by Pope Clement VII on the 5rd of July, 1528, and became an autonomous orj^snizatiaa in I6l9. The aim of Capuchinian Friars is to imitate Christ in his asceticism. They liave their headciuarters at Rome in Italy. The Capuchinians first came to India in 1922 and established themselves in Mlgiri, South India. They came to Goa in 1941 and settled at Llapuca, in Bardez taluka, where, in 1942, they established an English medium school called St. Anthcaiy High School. 426 4. Order of Barefooted Camelites - It m s fotmded or ^ rather reformed by St. Theresa on the 24th of August, 1562, for nuns and then also for priests in I568. It is considered to be a branch of the Order of Our Lady of Carmo, established in remote times. With their headq-aairters in Italy, the aii'i of the Barefooted Caxmelites is to make a study of celestial things. They cane to Goa in I619 and in l655 set up a college for religious cadrea. The college •was called the College of Teresinian Missionaries. It m s located at Old Goa. They also established a monastery at Margao on the 15th of August, 1958, where they train priests for clerical duties. 5 . lAlssionariea of St. Frtiincis of Sales - This congregation was foimded by Fr. Pedro Islaria Mexmier on the 24th of October, 1835» and was given final approval by Pope on the 19th of May, I860. The headquarteirs of this congrogation are in Properine, Amiency, Prance. The ain of this congregation is to establish religious and educational conurrunities, colleges and educational institutions to convey the message of Christ to the infidels. These missionaries first established at Nagpur in India and came to Goa in 1940. In 1955t they conducted an English medium school at TJcassaim in Bardez taluka, which existed in the year of liberation. A£7 7* Mifigjonary Brothers of St. Francis of Aasissl - This congregation was founded in 1895 and approved tj Pope I^on X on the 29th of Jtine, 1931* The aim of this c<aigregation is to propagate Catholic religion anong pagans, especially in India, under the guidance of the Archdiocose of the place of their work. The headquarters of tliis con^^^egation arc Mount Poinsur at Borivli in Bomljay. The ccmgre,'5atian ccsne to Goa in 1928. In 1955 they conducted one English medium school at iiapuca in Baa:dez taluka and one orphanage at Valpoi in Satari taluka of the new conquests. HELIGIOUS OKDERS AlfD COHGKEGivTIONS OF The aim of all the religious congregations and orders of nuns was the propagation of the gospel of Christ. Education, medical asoistance, social work, etc., were regarded as means of achieving the ain. 1. Medical Nuns of Franciacan Order (Portugaese) - Tliis was a congre^tion of Portuguese nuns founded in 1871 hy a prient oalled Friar Rainundo dos Santos Beirao. They cane to Goa in 1886 on the invitation of the then Archbishop, Dcm Antcmio Valente. Medical Nuns of Franciscan Order have their headouarters at Lisbon in Portugal. The aim of the congregation was to work as medical nurses in goveiiment or private medical establishments. In 1955, they ran two English medium schools in Goa, one at Panaji and the other at liargao. 2. Congre^tion of Slstora of Holy Cross of Annorcy, France - This conf?ref?a.ticin was established in 1841, with their headamrtera at Chtmanod, Haute-Savoie in France. In 1955 tho congre<7ation condiicted two English raedinm £3chools in Goa, one at Sioliin and the other at Bagtora, both in Bardoz taltika of the old connuests. 3. Sisters of Karia Bambina - Pouinded at Louvre in Paris on the 21st of Hovember, 1852, and approved by Pope in 1840, it conducted one English medium school in 1955» at Ctincolici, in the Salcote taluka of the old conquests.