Family: Arecaceae Taxon: Thrinax radiata Synonym: Coccothrinax martii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) Be Common Name: Florida thatch Coccothrinax radiata (Lodd. ex Schult. & Sch Florida thatch palm Thrinax floridana Sarg. Jamaican thatch Thrinax martii Griseb. & H. Wendl. Silk-top thatch palm Thrinax wendlandiana Becc. Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score -2 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 Print Date: 6/3/2012 Thrinax radiata (Arecaceae) Page 1 of 7 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 n 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 y 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, >3 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 y 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 n 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: L WRA Score -2 Print Date: 6/3/2012 Thrinax radiata (Arecaceae) Page 2 of 7 Supporting Data: 101 1997. Henderson, A./Galeano, G./Bernal, R.. [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 1997. Henderson, A./Galeano, G./Bernal, R.. [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Northwestern Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Caribbean in Mexico (Quintana Roo, Yucatan), Cayman Islands, Belize, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ Honduras (Atlantida, Islas de la Bahia), United States (Florida), Bahamas, Jamaica, Cuba, and Hispaniola" 202 1997. Henderson, A./Galeano, G./Bernal, R.. [Quality of climate match data 2-High] Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 203 1997. Henderson, A./Galeano, G./Bernal, R.. [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "coastal regions on Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. limestone or sandy soil close to the sea, often in sand-dune scrub." Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 203 2003. Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. An Encyclopedia of [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "This is another Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portland, OR. relatively cold-hardy species and is adaptable to zones 10 and 11, with occasional handsome specimens seen in warm microclimates of 9b." 204 1997. Henderson, A./Galeano, G./Bernal, R.. [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. "Northwestern Caribbean in Mexico (Quintana Roo, Yucatan), Cayman Islands, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ Belize, Honduras (Atlantida, Islas de la Bahia), United States (Florida), Bahamas, Jamaica, Cuba, and Hispaniola" 205 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian range? Yes] "It was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands early in the twentieth Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop century." Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 205 2010. Brown, S.H.. Thrinax radiata. University of [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Florida, IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL range? Yes] "It is now widely planted outside its historical range in South Florida lee.ifas.ufl.edu/Hort/GardenPubsAZ/Florida_Thatc and in many islands of the Caribbean." h_Palm.pdf 301 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Naturalized beyond native range? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 301 2012. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Khan, N./Flynn, [Naturalized beyond native range? No] No evidence T.. Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates: A Supplement to the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Ferns & Fern Allies. http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawai ianflora/supplement.htm 302 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 303 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 304 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 304 2008. Meyer, J-Y./Lavergne, C./Hodel, D. R.. [Environmental weed? No] No evidence Time Bombs in Gardens: Invasive Ornamental Palms in Tropical Islands, with Emphasis on French Polynesia (Pacific Ocean) and the Mascarenes (Indian Ocean). Palms. 52: 71-83. 305 2008. Meyer, J-Y./Lavergne, C./Hodel, D. R.. [Congeneric weed? No] No evidence Time Bombs in Gardens: Invasive Ornamental Palms in Tropical Islands, with Emphasis on French Polynesia (Pacific Ocean) and the Mascarenes (Indian Ocean). Palms. 52: 71-83. Print Date: 6/3/2012 Thrinax radiata (Arecaceae) Page 3 of 7 401 1997. Henderson, A./Galeano, G./Bernal, R.. [Produces spines, thorns or burrs? No] "Stems 1.5-12 m tall and 6-13 cm Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. diameter. Leaf sheaths with fine fibers; petiole elongate, 36-04 cm long; blade Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ with 51-63 leaflets, the middle ones 0.7-1.1 m long, lighter green on the lower surface." 401 1998. Kubitzki, K. (ed.). The Families and [Produces spines, thorns or burrs? No] "Solitary, unarmed, hermaphroditic." genera of vascular plants. Volume IV. Flowering plants, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 402 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Allelopathic? Unknown] No information available 403 2012. USDA ARS National Genetic Resources [Parasitic? No] Arecaceae Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl 404 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Unpalatable to grazing animals? Unknown] 405 2008. Wagstaff, D.J.. International poisonous [Toxic to animals? No] No evidence plants checklist: an evidence-based reference. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 406 2010. Brown, S.H.. Thrinax radiata. University of [Host for recognized pests and pathogens? No] "The Florida thatch palm requires Florida, IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL little in the way of fertilizer. Insects are rarely a problem. Currently there are no lee.ifas.ufl.edu/Hort/GardenPubsAZ/Florida_Thatc known cases of infections of the Florida thatch palm by either ganoderma butt rot h_Palm.pdf (Ganoderma zonatum) or Lethal Yellowing disease." 407 2009. Calvo-Irabién, L.M./Zapata, M.T./Iriarte- [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans? No] "Chit palm leaves have a Vivar, S.. Effects of leaf harvest on Thrinax wide variety of uses, including roof thatch, brooms, handcrafts and wrapping of radiata palm: implications for management and food to be cooked in a hole in the ground.