SK98K0043 Ministry of the Environment, Slovak Republic Commission of The European Communities DANUBIAN LOWLAND - GROUND WATER MODE PHARE PROJECT NO. PHARE/EC/WAT/1 The Old Danube Final Report Volume 1 Summary Report December 1995 Danish Hydraulic Institute, Denmark in association with DHV Consultants BV, The Netherlands TNO - Institute of Applied Geoscience, The Netherlands Water Quality Institute, Denmark I Kriiger, Denmark The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark Danish Hydraulic Institute Danubian Lowland - Ground Water Model Agern Alle 5, DK-2970 Harsholm, Denmark PHARE/EC/WAT/1 Telephone: +45 45 76 95 55 Final Report Telefax: +45 45 76 25 67 Telex: 37 402 dhicph dk Client Client's representative Ministry of the Environment, Programme Implementation F. Kelbel, Director, PIU Unit, Slovak Republic Project Project No Danubian Lowland - Ground Water Model 92-6828 Authors Date Jens Chr. Refsgaard, DHI December 1 995 Henrik R. Sarensen, DHI DHV-Consultants BV, NL TNO-lnstitute of Applied Geoscience, NL Water Quality Institute (VKI), DK 1. Kriiger Consultant AS, DK Approved by Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, DK VUVH - Water Resources Research Institute, SK Jens Chr. Refsgaard VU2H - Research Institute of Irrigation, SK /J^0) ecL T eanvpSad e r GWC - Ground Water Consulting Ltd., SK Comenius University, SK t 1 Final Report an 0 Draft Final Report Revision Description By Checked App. Date Key words Classification Danube, integrated modelling, water resources management, • Open numerical modelling, model development, river and reservoir, ground water, unsaturated zone, agriculture, sediment • Internal transport, ground water quality, surface water quality, ecology, geographical information system, field Ix! Proprietary investigations, equipment. FINAL REPORT VOLUME 1 SUMMARY REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 0-1 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 Background 1-1 1.2 Project Objectives 1-2 1.3 Project Relation to the Gabcikovo Hydropower Scheme 1-2 1.4 Project Relation to other Water Resources Activities in the Region 1-3 1.5 Purpose and Contents of Report 1-3 2 PROJECT STAFFING 2-1 2.1 Consultant 2-1 2.2 Local Organizations 2-5 2.3 New Project Manager 2-7 3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT ISSUES 3-1 3.1 Project Organizational Framework 3-1 3.2 Steering Committee 3-1 3.3 Project Manager and End User Organisation 3-2 3.4 Project Extension by Six Months 3-3 3.5 Access to Existing Data 3-4 3.6 Support Projects Financed by Slovakian Funds 3-4 4 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INTEGRATED MODELLING SYSTEM 4-1 4.1 Introduction 4-1 4.2 Equipment 4-1 4.3 Danubian Lowland Information System 4-3 4.4 Modelling Approach 4-4 4.4.1 Further development of modelling systems 4-5 4.4.2 The integrated modelling system 4-6 4.4.3 Approach of model application 4-7 4.5 Ground Water Modelling 4-7 6828ToCl/wrdI01/1995-l2-12/HRS/skn PHARE/EC/WAT/I - Danubian Lowland Ground Water Model Final Report, December 1995 - Vol.1 11 4.6 Pollution Status of Reservoir Sediments 4-10 4.7 Ground Water Quality 4-11 4.7.1 Geochemical field investigations at Kalinkovo 4-11 4.7.2 Ground water quality model 4-11 4.8 Unsaturated Zone and Agricultural Modelling 4-14 4.9 River and Reservoir Hydrodynamic Modelling 4-16 4.10 River and Reservoir Sediment Transport Modelling 4-19 4.11 Surface Water Quality Modelling 4-21 4.12 Flood plain Ecology and Modelling 4-24 5 SUMMARY OF MODEL APPLICATION 5-1 5.1 Introduction 5-1 5.2 Selected Water Management Regimes 5-1 5.3 Ground Water Flow Regime 5-2 5.3.1 Objectives 5-3 5.3.2 Main conclusions 5-3 5.3.3 Assessment of uncertainties of model predictions 5-5 5.4 Agriculture 5-5 5.4.1 Objectives 5-5 5.4.2 Main conclusions 5-6 5.4.3 Assessment of uncertainties of model predictions 5-6 5.5 Ground Water Quality 5-8 5.5.1 Objectives 5-8 5.5.2 Main conclusions 5-8 5.5.3 Assessment of uncertainties of model predictions 5-9 5.6 Hydrodynamics, Sediment Transport and Water Quality in the Danube . 5-12 5.6.1 Objectives 5-12 5.6.2 Main conclusions 5-12 5.6.3 Assessment of uncertainties of model predictions 5-13 5.7 Hydrodynamics, Sediment Transport and Water Quality in the River Branch System 5-16 5.7.1 Objectives 5-16 5.7.2 Main conclusions 5-16 5.7.3 Assessment of uncertainties of model predictions 5-18 5.8 Hydrodynamics, Sediment Transport and Water Quality in the Hrusov Res- ervoir 5-19 5.8.1 Objectives 5-19 5.8.2 Main conclusions 5-19 5.8.3 Assessment of uncertainties of model predictions 5-20 5.9 Ecology 5-20 5.9.1 Objectives 5-20 5.9.2 Main conclusions 5-20 5.9.3 Assessment of uncertainties of model predictions 5-24 6828ToCl/wrdl01/1995-12-12/HRS/skn PHARE/EC/WAT/1 - Danubian Lowland Ground Water Model Final Report, December 1995 - Vol.1 Ill 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6-1 6.1 Conclusions Regarding Project Implementation 6-1 6.1.1 Equipment 6-1 6.1.2 Establishment of a generalized integrated modelling system 6-1 6.1.3 Establishment of Danubian Lowland Information System (DLIS) 6-2 6.1.4 Establishment of calibrated and validated models 6-3 6.1.5 Model applications 6-3 6.1.6 Cooperation with Slovakian organisations 6-4 6.1.7 Transfer of technology and know-how 6-4 6.1.8 International workshops 6-5 6.2 Recommendations on future Applications of Modelling System 6-5 6.2.1 Future model applications 6-6 6.2.2 Future modelling group at PRIF UK 6-7 6.3 Recommendations on Water Resources Management in the Danubian Lowland 6-7 LIST OF REFERENCES Ref-1 6828ToC 1 /wrd 101 /1995-12-12/H RS/skn PHARE/EC/WAT/1 - Danubian Lowland Ground Water Model Final Report, December 1995 - Vol.1 Ill SK98K0044 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background The Danubian Lowland between Bratislava and Komarno is an inland delta formed in the past by river sediments from the Danube. The entire area forms an alluvial aquifer, which throughout the year receives infiltration water from the Danube in the upper parts of the area and returns it into the Danube via a network of drainage canals in the downstream part. The aquifer is an important water resource for municipal and agricultural water supply. Various human activities have gradually changed the hydrological regime in the area. In particular a lowering of the water levels in the Danube has been observed between 1960 and 1990. In most of the area the Danube controls the ground water flow regime and hence a lowering of the general ground water level in the area has also been observed. The Gabcikovo hydropower scheme was put into operation in October 1992. The upstream reservoir and various hydraulic structures related to Gabcikovo have major impacts on the hydrological regime and the ecosystem of the region. The Gabcikovo hydropower scheme is the most important of the man induced impacts of the area and therefore it plays a key role in the project. Project Objective The immediate project objective is to develop, test and transfer an integrated mathematical modelling system including the most important aspects for water resources management in the Danubian Lowland. The ultimate project objective is that the transferred modelling system be used as the technical/scientific basis for future management decisions. Project Framework The project "Danubian Lowland - Ground Water Model" was defined in 1991 within the PHARE programme agreed upon between the Commission of the European Communities and the Government of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. The project was initiated in February 1992. During 1992 the project was executed by the Federal Committee for Environment, Government of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. From the beginning of 1993 the project was transferred to the Ministry of the Environment, Slovak Republic. 68280Vl/wrd95/1995-12-12/HRS/lkn PHARE/EC/WAT/I - Danubian Lowland Ground Water Model Final Report, December 1995 - Vol.1 0-2 The Project Manager is appointed by PRIF UK. Professor Igor Mucha was the Project Manager until the end of 1994. Andrej Cibulka was appointed as new Project Manager in the beginning of 1995. A Danish-Dutch consortium of six organisations was selected as Consultant for the project. The Consultant is headed by the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) and comprises the following associated partners: DHV Consultants BV, The Netherlands; TNO-Applied Institute of Geoscience, The Netherlands; Water Quality Institute (VKI), Denmark; I Kruger Consult AS, Denmark; and the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark. Staff members from the following Slovakian organisations have participated actively in the project implementation: Comenius University (PRIF UK) The Ground Water Consulting, Ltd. (GWC) The Water Research Institute (VUVH) The Irrigation Research Institute (VUZH) The work of in total 11 persons from these organisations have been funded by various Slovakian organisations and by the Ministry of the Environment. In addition various field- and monitoring programmes have been funded by Slovakian organisations. Originally, GWC was a part of the Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University (PRIF UK), but from the beginning of 1994 they established a private firm. Due to a delayed delivery of about 20 months of the major computer equipment, the project period has been extended with 6 months. The project termination is December 31, 1995. Equipment Equipment for almost ECU 600.000 has been procured during the project.