A B D E F H I J K L M O INTERNATIONAL GLOSSARY OF HYDROLOGY GLOSSAIRE INTERNATIONAL D’HYDROLOGIE МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ГИДРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СЛОВАРЬ GLOSARIO HIDROLÓGICO INTERNACIONAL Q R S T V X Y Z World Meteorological Organization Organisation météorologique mondiale Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация Organización Meteorológica Mundial United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’éducation, la science et la culture Организация Объединённых Наций по вопросам образования, науки и культуры Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura WMO-No. 385 WMO-No. 385 © World Meteorological Organization, 2012 (ISBN 978-92-63-03385-8) © United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2012 (ISBN 978-92-3-001154-3) The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. 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La mention de certaines sociétés ou de certains produits ne signifie pas que l’OMM les cautionne ou les recommande de préférence à d’autres sociétés ou produits de nature similaire dont il n’est pas fait mention ou qui ne font l’objet d’aucune publicité. - 385 © , 2011 (ISBN 978-92-63-03385-8) © T , , 2012 (ISBN 978-92-3-001154-3) U , - - ! . . P , : Chair, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix X.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box No. 2300 Z: +41 (0) 22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland c-: [email protected] UVNK]FNK , , - , , , , . Y - , , . OMM-N° 385 © Organización Meteorológica Mundial, 2012 (ISBN 978-92-63-03385-8) © Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura, 2012 (ISBN 978-92-3-001154-3) La OMM se reserva el derecho de publicación en forma impresa, electrónica o de otro tipo y en cualquier idioma. Pueden reproducirse pasajes breves de las publicaciones de la OMM sin autorización siempre que se indique claramente la fuente completa. La correspondencia editorial, así como todas las solicitudes para publicar, reproducir o traducir la presente publicación parcial o totalmente deberán dirigirse al: Presidente de la Junta de publicaciones Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 8403 Case postale 2300 Fax.: +41 (0) 22 730 8040 CH-1211 Ginebra 2, Suiza Correo electrónico: [email protected] NOTA Las denominaciones empleadas en las publicaciones de la OMM y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contienen no entrañan, de parte de la Organización, juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de ninguno de los países, territorios, ciudades o zonas citados o de sus autoridades, ni respecto de la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. La mención de determinados productos o sociedades mercantiles no implica que la OMM los favorezca o recomiende con preferencia a otros análogos que no se mencionan ni se anuncian. CONTENTS/TABLE DES MATIERES/WTJKVLFSN/INDICE Foreword........................................................................................................................... IV Explanatory of abbreviations............................................................................................. V Explication des abréviations ............................................................................................. VI U .................................................................................................. VII Explicación de las abreviaturas ........................................................................................ VIII List of equivalent terms and definitions............................................................................. 1 Liste des termes équivalents avec leer définitions............................................................ 1 W ......................................................... 1 Lista de términos equivalentes con sus definiciones ........................................................ 1 English alphabetical index ................................................................................................ 393 Índice alphabétique français ............................................................................................. 411 F .................................................... 427 Índice alfabético español .................................................................................................. 445 FOREWORD Agreed terminology is essential for communication, shared research and joint action, especially at the international level. This is why a glossary of hydrology is so important -- to stimulate further progress in water sciences and to facilitate the translation of technical and scientific publications that may be of interest to a wider audience but are available only in one language. This 3rd edition of the UNESCO-WMO International Glossary of Hydrology builds on the pioneering efforts of the WMO Working Group on Terminology established in 1961 which evolved into the joint WMO/UNESCO Panel on Terminology in 1967, the work launched in the framework of International Hydrological Decade, as well as the publication of the first edition in 1974 and second edition in 1992. The fruit of a longstanding partnership, this edition was prepared by a Standing Committee on Terminology, comprising members designated by UNESCO and the WMO. We are especially pleased to launch the 3rd edition in 2013, during the International Year of Water Cooperation, at a time when the impact of climate change is calling for greater cooperation in the management of water resources. We need to see changes in water management at all levels, from the local to the global, bringing together all actors, public and private – for this, a common terminological foundation is essential. Drawing on the experience and expertise of both of our organizations, we are confident that this publication will be useful to national hydrological services as well as educational and research institutions throughout the world – especially for those who require more than one language for understanding or communicating information about the field of hydrology. In establishing recognized international equivalents of hydrological terms, our goal is also to minimise misinterpretations and consolidate the foundation for stronger international cooperation. Water is the key ingredient of life, in all its diversity. It is also a fundamental human need and a basic human right. The common denominator of many world challenges – in health, in farming, in energy, in urbanisation – water can also be the common solution. This requires our engagement and new forms of cooperation. This International Glossary of Hydrology is essential to the goal we seek to achieve, to create a better future for all. M. Jarraud I. Bokova Secretary-General Director-General WMO UNESCO V EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS (DST) A dictionary of statistical terms, fifth edition, 1990, by M.G. Kendall and W.R. Buckland; published for the International Statistical Institute by Longman Inc., New York. (GHP) Guide to Hydrological Practices, fifth edition, 1994, WMO-No. 168, Geneva. (IGH) International Glossary of Hydrogeology, first preliminary edition, 1978, UNESCO,