Specialty Chemicals by BASF BASF Biocides Paper industry biocides Innovation, preservation and disinfection PAGE 2 BASF Biocides - protecting the world The biocide business for Specialty Chemicals, BASF AG BASF is one of the world’s leading suppliers of How we work for you specialty biocides. We create products that make life safer, simpler and more comfortable for BASF’s biocides are sold through BASF’s millions of people worldwide. established network of sales offices worldwide. In this way, we aim to offer valuable local support Our high performance biocides are used in every and the highest standards of customer excellence. aspect of life. From toiletries, to air conditioners used in both industry and home, from Iceland to Working with BASF provides access to many Equador our technology spans the globe in essential regulatory approvals. For example our preservation and disinfection. We help to protect EPA registrations allow products and customer the lives of millions of people across the world formulations to be sold in the USA and our every day. approvals ensure supply to the paper industry in the Nordic area. We are also well positioned to Through our product range, marketing expertise, support our actives under the European Biocidal technical and regulatory knowledge, BASF’s Products Directive. innovative biocides approach positions the business at the very forefront of antimicrobial We believe in long-term commitment to our technology. The marketing, technical and research products and customers and this is reflected in and development headquarters for BASF’s our substantial registrations and the data required specialty biocide business is located in to obtain them. To this end many of our products Nottingham. are supported with extensive safety and environmental data packages. Our products are made in ‘state of the art’ manufacturing facilities at Cramlington, England In addition, BASF is committed to providing the and Ludwigshafen, Germany. In each of our highest standard of health, safety and plants, the expert integration of process and environmental protection as part of our energy requirements leads to manufacturing commitment to Responsible Care. We continually efficiencies and quality production. research and innovate to produce the most advanced products on the market. To demonstrate our commitment to our customers, we have made significant investment in long term At BASF, we are also constantly reviewing ways in dedicated biocide resources within Europe, Asia which we can improve our products and services Pacific and the USA. to ensure that we keep pace with the rapidly changing developments in information technology. In 2000, we established a direct presence in the BASF is harnessing these changes and ensuring USA with a new dedicated marketing and that we are aligned with our customer’s technical centre based at BASF Corporation requirements, making it more efficient and headquarters in Mount Olive, New Jersey. Product convenient for you to do business with us. is supplied through an integrated BASF warehousing facility in Charlotte, North Carolina. BASF’s specialty biocide products are marketed Our US operation is part of BASF Corporation’s under the Myacide® and Protectol® trade names. Chemical Division, situated in Mount Olive, New Jersey. PAGE 3 PAGE 4 Introduction to the Paper Biocide Industry Microbiological Problems in the paper breaks, spray nozzle blockage and Paper Industry discolouration of the finished product. Problem organisms are the aerobic slime-forming bacteria The paper and paperboard industry is highly such as Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and diverse. Products range from specialised papers Bacillus spp. Anaerobic organisms such as the for currency printing through to tissue and Desulphovibrio spp. can also accumulate under newsprint production and the manufacture of slime layers and other deposits leading to the paperboard for packaging. Each of these areas production of foul odours and corrosive by-products. demands different approaches in terms of the raw materials used and the various additives needed Water-based mill additives including mineral to arrive at an acceptable finished product. slurries and paper coatings are also prone to contamination and require adequate preservation to ensure that their stability is not compromised. The major spoilage organisms are aerobic bacteria such as those mentioned above but in some instances yeasts such as Candida and Saccharomyces spp. and moulds such as Aspergillus spp. can be involved. Consequently there may be a need for broad spectrum preservation in many of these additive products. Preservation of bulk pulp may also be required during unplanned plant shut-downs. The occurrence of these contamination and spoilage problems creates a demand for antimicrobial products, which can be ideally satisfied by products from BASF’s specialty chemical biocide range. All of these areas, however, depend on a basic process where the paper fibres are suspended in a large volume of recirculating water before being removed by filtration and compacted and dried to form the paper sheet. Various water-based additives are also used to improve the efficiency of the process and control the quality of the finished paper. These include flocculants, retention aids, fillers and paper coatings. These conditions, together with the operating temperatures, which are normally above 30˚C, CONTENTS provide the ideal environment for the growth of microorganisms, mainly bacteria. Contamination PAGE may originate from the air, fresh water, virgin and Myacide® AS, AS Plus recycled pulp or waste water. and S1/S15/S30 Biocide 6 In the manufacturing process, this can result in the Protectol® GA 50 / GA 24 Biocide 10 build up of slime at key points in the process. If Protectol® DZ / DZ P Biocide 12 uncontrolled, the slime can accumulate and eventually break away, leading to problems such as Protectol® HT Biocide 14 PAGE 5 Myacide® AS, AS Plus and S1/S15/S30 Biocide Myacide AS biocide is the industrial grade of 2- Concentrations (M.I.C.) of Bronopol against six Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol or Bronopol. It key microorganisms. provides highly effective antimicrobial activity for use in diverse and demanding industrial biocide Test Organism M.I.C. (ppm) applications, combining well-proven efficacy with Staphylococcus spp 12.5 - 50 important environmental safety characteristics. Bacillus spp 12.5 - 50 The main benefits of Myacide AS in the paper Desulphovibrio spp 12.5 - 50 industry are its proven performance as a slimicide Pseudomonas spp 12.5 - 50 active ingredient in mill process water and as an Candida spp 400 effective preservative for mill additives. The ideal Aspergillus spp 3200 physical and microbiological properties of Bronopol place it in a new generation of products, M.I.C. data is generated according to in-house which can be seen replacing older chemistries. methodology. QUALITY There have been no reported cases of resistance Myacide AS is an off-white to pale yellow, free to Bronopol in over twenty years of use. Recent flowing, crystalline solid. The product contains a field trials have shown excellent activity against minimum of 98% 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol Pseudomonas species resistant to other although typical purity values are significantly commonly used biocides such as those based on higher. As supplied it is stable for a minimum of 3 isothiazolinones. years when kept under good storage conditions. USAGE RECOMMENDATIONS Myacide AS Plus is marketed only in the USA as an EPA end use product. The technical Solubility, Stability and Compatibility specification and product quality are the same as Bronopol is readily water-soluble and solutions Myacide AS. containing up to 28% w/v are possible at ambient temperature. The compound also shows a higher Liquid Formulations affinity for polar organic solvents (e.g. propylene glycol 50% w/v) which makes it very easy to use A range of commercial formulations is readily either as a liquid or a solid. available. Bronopol’s stability is one of the most important Myacide S1 is a 20% (w/v) solution in factors in the paper industry for long term dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether and preservation. It shows optimum pH stability in the water. acidic range with excellent efficacy. At alkaline Myacide S15 is a 10% (w/w) solution in pH, Bronopol is less stable but still provides propylene glycol and water. effective control. In these systems, Bronopol reaches an equilibrium with its breakdown Myacide S30 is a 30% (w/w) solution in products, which are also microbiologically active. propylene glycol and water. This self-stabilisation means that preservative efficacy can be maintained over an extended shelf ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY life even within aggressive, more alkaline The spoilage of paper, pulp, mineral slurries, matrices. coatings and other additives is generally due to a mixed population of bacteria and to a lesser extent fungi. Bronopol is highly effective, particularly against aerobic slime-forming bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Bacillus spp. and the Enterobacter spp. The following table compares the Minimum Inhibitory PAGE 6 Bronopol is compatible with a range of materials used in the pulp and paper industry such as retention aids, flocculants and other biocides such as isothiazolinones. In common with other non- oxidising biocides, strong reducing agents and oxidising agents should be avoided. However, Bronopol can be used alongside oxidising biocides in systems with alternating biocide regimes. Recommended Dose Rates Paper Mill Process Water Myacide AS can be dosed as a solid at a convenient point early in the recirculating system but experience has shown that best results are obtained using formulated solutions. It should be added to the wet end of the machine, the primary white water circuit, where good dispersion can take place. The levels required will depend on the cleanliness of the system, the quality of the raw material and the degree of microbial control required. A typical regime may involve initially dosing at a level of 50g Myacide AS per tonne of finished paper product, reducing to 10-20g per tonne after 2-3 weeks.