Appendix 4. Detailed stratigraphic columns In the following pages, the stratigraphic columns are listed in alphabetical order. Legende: Diamictite Grainstone Phosphorite nodules Slump folds Dolomite Algal coal Chert nodules Dessication cracks Shale Phosphorite Olistoliths Ooliths Chert Tuffaceous sandstone Faults Cross strata Mudstone Conglomerate Horizontal laminations Biomat laminations Wackestone/Packstone Silty shale Tepee Pyrite Breccia Shaly dolomite Ripples Liquefaction structures Bentonite Mud pebbles Tuffaceous sandstone Tuffaceous beds s: shale, sis: silty shale, m: mudstone, w: wackestone, p: packstone, gst: grainstone, cg: conglomerat, c: chert, b: breccia Guozhitang section, Yuanling county, Hunan province Cum. Thick Fm Litho. Sedimentary structures Description Samples Interpretation (in m) 20 Slope 15 Black chert. Slump folds (< 2,0 m) po ha c 10 u Li Black chert. 3-m-sized cave at Slope 5 the base Olistostrome Tuffaceous sandstone. Black chert. Folds. 0 Grey silicified shale. Phosphorite nodules. ntuo usha o s m p cg b D sis w gst c 144 Jinjiadong section, Xupu county, Hunan province Cum. Thick Fm Litho. Sedimentary structures Description Samples Interpretation (in m) 100 po ha Thin laminated black chert. meter c scale slump folds. 95 Liu Unconformity 90 Black silicified shale 85 80 Covered 75 70 65 60 Slope 55 50 Black shale. m-scale slump folds. m-scale elongated limestone olistoliths at the base and on top. 45 40 hantuo ous 35 D Covered 30 Disrupted black shale. 25 Tuffite (weathered) JJD 2 Tuffaceous sandstone. JJD 1 20 Black shale. Small folds (< 0,3 m). One big fold (~ 10 m) 15 10 Thin bedded (< 0,05 m) black shale. 5 Dolomite. Covered 0 o u t n Diamictites Na s m p cg b sis w gst c 145 Liuchapo section, Anhua county, Hunan province Cum. Thick Fm Litho. Sedimentary structures Description Samples Interpretation (in m) o 50 p Slope a h Black tuffaceous chert. Slump folds uc (< 1m). Poorly exposed. Li 45 Covered 40 35 30 Weathered tuffaceous pink-green 25 dolomitic shale. Numerous Basin compacted and no compacted tuffite beds. Poorly exposed. ntuo ha s 20 Dou 15 Black tuffaceous pink shale. Slump folds (< 0,5 m) Slope 10 5 Covered 0 uo Diamictites nt a N s sism w pgstcg c b 146 Liujata section, Zhangjiaje county, Hunan province Cum. Interpretation Thick Fm Litho. Sedimentary structures Description Samples (in m) 80 75 Basin 70 Black chert hapo Liuc 65 60 55 Dolomitic breccia LJ 1 Covered 50 45 Medium-bedded, thin-laminated, LJ 0,8 wackestone/ packstone Olistolith (?) 40 Medium-bedded, laminated, dolomitised black wackestone/ LJ 0,75 packstone interbedded with black chert beds 35 Thin-bedded, thin-laminated black mudstone interbedded with LJ 0,7 silicified black shale 30 Thin-bedded (silicified) black Basin shale. 25 Chert nodules (base) uo nt ha ous LJ 0,6 D 20 Covered. Thin-bedded, thin-laminated LJ 0,5 mudstone / wackestone. 15 10 Medium-bedded mudstone LJ 0 Olistolith (?) /wackestone. Slump folds. 5 0 s m p cg b sis w gst c 147 Liujiato section, Yuanling county, Hunan province Cum. Thick Fm Litho. Sedimentary structures Description Samples Interpretation (in m) 70 LCP 18 Black chert. Limestone pebbles Slump folds. Olistostrome Meter scale caves 65 Black chert 60 Thin laminated, tuffaceous black Slope chert. Slump folds (<1,0 m). o 55 p LCP 2,5 a Fine-upward-graded tuffaceous sandstone. Conglomerate at the LCP 0 Liuch base. Black chert. 50 Covered Black chert 45 Covered Tectonic breccia 40 35 30 Covered 25 o 20 ntu ha s Thin bedded, laminated tuffaceous shale Dou 15 10 Covered 5 0 ntuo Diamictites a N s m p cg b sis w gst c 148 Longbizui section, Guizhang county, Hunan province Cum. Thick Fm Litho. Sedimentary structures Description Samples Interpretation (in m) 100 Thin bedded black chert. Tuffaceous sandstone. Slump Slope hapo folds (< 0,5 m) uc Phosphorite. Li Tuffaceous limestone. LBZ 2 95 Black shale. Thickness of the bed decreased to the top. 90 85 80 75 Covered (Phosphorite ?) 70 65 Basin/slope 60 o 55 hantu s u o D 50 Interbedded black shale with medium bedded fine sand-sized packstones 45 Black silty shale with channelized beds of fine sand-sized Turbidite channels packstones 40 Black mudstone 35 30 25 Covered 20 15 Black shale 10 Cap dolomite 5 Covered 0 Diamictites ntuo a N s m p cg b sis w gst c 149 Luoyixi section, Luoyixi city, Hunan province Cum. Interpretation Thick Fm Litho. Sedimentary structures Description Samples (in m) 70 Slope Black chert. m-sized slump folds. Olistholith (?) Liuchapo 65 Interbedded black shale with phosphorite. m-sized slump folds. Packstones Tuffaceous shale with m-sized Olistholith No.4 60 blocks of packstones Smoothly folded packstones 55 Olistholith No.3 Biolaminated phosphorite, dolomite, and chert. Tepee Heu-18 structures. 50 Irregular surface Thin-bedded (< 0,1m) packstones/grainstones. Trough Olistholith No.2 cross-bedding. Small (< 0,1m) slump folds. 45 Fault 40 35 Covered ntuo ha s u 30 o D 25 Brown shales. 20 15 Slope Black shale. Several m-sized slump folds. 10 Black mudstone Interbedded black mudstone with white dolomite 5 Thin bedded, thin laminated white dolomite. Slump folds (< 0, 5 m) Thick bedded, thin laminated white dolomite. 0 Slump folds (< 1 m) antuo Diamictites N s m p cg b sis w gst c 150 Maoping section, Zigui county, Hubei province Cum. Interpretation thick. Fm Litho. Sedimentary structures Description Samples 75 Alternance of thin-bedded mudstone and grainstone. g Lenticular, centimetric black Slope with several n i spherules beds (phosphorite?) debris flow episods Fine-upward grainstone with 70 Dengy several pulses. Interbedded mudstone and grainstone (debris flow). Slumps. Fine-upward wackestone and mudstone Bentonite Interbedded medium-bedded 65 calcareous shales, silicified black shales. Thin beds of cherts (1 cm). Slump folds. Slope with slump folds and tectonic intraformational 60 MAO 6 faults Silicified black shales. Slumps. Faults. 55 50 45 Olistoslith from the Medium-bedded, disturbed dark MAO 5 nearby shallow-water grey limestones. Thin beds of shelf margin black cherts. 40 35 o u t han Dous 30 Interbedded silicified shales and algal coal shales. 25 Covered 20 Algal coal with pyritised chert MAO 4 15 nodules (?). Thin-laminated black + or - silicified shales interbedded with Basin / Slope thin-bedded calcareous siltstones. 10 Thin-laminated black + or - MAO 3 silicified shale interbedded with thin-bedded calcareous siltstones. Slumps. 5 Tuffaceous sandstones Dolomite 0 uo Diamictites Nant s m p cg b sis w gst c 151 Sangshuping section, Zhangjiaje county, Hunan province Cum. Interpretation thick. Fm Litho. Sedimentary structures Description Samples (in m) 105 ESG 10 ESG 9 100 po 95 ha uc i L Black chert. Basin 90 85 Black shale. 80 Fine-sand-sized packstone ESG 8 Turbidite Black mudstone. Slided block (?) Chert nodules. Slumps folds. Covered. 75 70 Interbedded thin-bedded silicified black shale and thin-bedded fine- ESG 7 sand-sized packstone. ESG 6 65 60 Silicified black shale. Chert Basin/slope nodules. Slump folds. 55 Turbidites Covered. 50 Silicified black shale interbedded with fine-sand-sized packstone 45 hantuo 40 ous D Silicified black shale interbedded with chert beds 35 Thin-bedded black wackestone. Chert beds. ESG 5 Slided block (?) 30 Thin-laminated wackestone/ packstone. Chert nodules. Fine-sand-supported 25 conglomerate. Slump folds larger in the middle Debrite part. Thin-laminated,silicified black shale. 20 Fine-sand-supported conglomerate with dm-sized boulders. Slump folds. Debrite Covered. Fine-sand-supported Debrite 15 conglomerate with cm-sized ESG 4 pebbles. Slump folds Thin-bedded, medium-laminated, black shale interbedded with ESG 3 mudstone Slided block (?) Sand-sized, laminated packstone 10 Conglomerate Highly deformed black shale. ESG 2 Silicified black shale. Minor faults. Black shale interbedded with 5 packstones Chert nodules. ESG 1 Dolomite. 0 o Diamictites Nantu s m p cg b sis w gst c 152 Neo-Tianjiayuanzi section, Yichang county, Hubei province Cum. Fm Litho. Sedimentary structures Description Samples Interpretation thick. g n 45 i y g Dolomites n De 40 35 Covered 30 Thinly laminated, thick-bedded 25 black wackestone/packstone. Chert nodules, chert beds. Intrashelf basin margin 20 Thinly laminated packstone o u t han Two beds of black dolomites (0,3 Dous m to 0,4 m) becoming shale (0,15 m to 0,3 m) at the top. 15 Slope of Thin-bedded (< 0,1m), thin- intrashelf basin laminated black packstone Discrete intraformational discontinuities. Chert nodules 10 Covered Lagoon Interbedded medium-bedded 5 black mudstone with thin-bedded black shales. Chert nodules. Black shaly dolomites interbedded with black shales. 0 Chert nodules. s m p cg b sis w gst c 153 Wuhe section, Taijiang county, Guizhou province Cum. Thick Fm Litho. Sedimentary structures Description Samples Interpretation (in m) 75 o p ha Thin-bedded black cherts Basin/slope uc Li Bentonite 70 W 6 Medium- to thick-bedded black (bio?)-laminated dolomitized Olistolith 65 wackestone/mudstone. Chert nodules. Dessication cracks. Irregular surface on top 60 Interbedded black shales, carbonaceous fine sand-sized packstones and mudstones. More shales on the top. Black shales 55 Thick-bedded, packstones Nodular, medium-bedded, thin-laminated silicified shales ntuo Very thinly laminated, W 5 thick-bedded, light grey packstone ha ous Covered 50 D Medium-bedded black shales Covered 45 Basin/slope Thin-bedded, thin-laminated black shales. Weathered. Ball debit. 40 Silty black shales W 3 Covered Normal-graded fine sand-sized 35 W 4 packstones interbedded with black shale W 2 Medium-bedded, thin-laminated black shales. Chert nodules. W 1 30 Covered Thin-bedded, deformed black 25 shales 20 15 Thin-bedded, thin-laminated 10 black shales 5 0 Covered s m p cg b sis w gst c 154 Wuhe section, Zigui county, Hubei province Cum.