Anglo-German Scholarly Networks in the Long Nineteenth Century History of Science and Medicine Library VOLUME 43 Knowledge Infrastracture and Knowledge Economy Edited by Karel Davids (VU University, Amsterdam) Larry Stewart (University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon) VOLUME 4 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/hsml Anglo-German Scholarly Networks in the Long Nineteenth Century Edited by Heather Ellis Ulrike Kirchberger LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Black and white group photograph of staff and students of the University of Manchester physics department, 1912. Including Ernest Rutherford (seated dead centre), to Rutherford’s right is Arthur Schuster, and to his left Robert Beattie. Also present is Henry Gwyn Moseley, seated front row, second left. Seated second row far left is Hans Geiger. Reproduced by courtesy of the University Librarian and Director, The John Rylands Library, The University of Manchester. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Anglo-German scholarly networks in the long nineteenth century / edited by Heather Ellis, Ulrike Kirchberger. pages cm. — (History of science and medicine library. Knowledge infrastracture and knowledge economy, ISSN 1872-0684 ; volume 43/4) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-25312-4 (hardback : acid-free paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-25311-7 (e-book) 1. Great Britain—Relations—Germany. 2. Germany—Relations—Great Britain. 3. Great Britain— Intellectual life—19th century. 4. Germany—Intellectual life—19th century. 5. Scientists—Great Britain—History—19th century. 6. Scientists—Germany—History—19th century. 7. Scholars— Great Britain—History—19th century. 8. Scholars—Germany—History—19th century. 9. Social networks—History—19th century. 10. Transnationalism—History—19th century. I. Ellis, Heather. II. Kirchberger, Ulrike. DA47.2.A76 2014 303.48’24104309034—dc23 2013046964 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1872-0684 isbn 978 90 04 25312 4 (hardback) isbn 978 90 04 25311 7 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. Brill has made all reasonable efforts to trace all rights holders to any copyrighted material used in this work. In cases where these efforts have not been successful the publisher welcomes communications from copyright holders, so that the appropriate acknowledgements can be made in future editions, and to settle other permission matters. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents List of Illustrations vii List of Contributors viii Acknowledgements xi Introduction 1 Ulrike Kirchberger part 1 Institutional Infrastructures 21 Enlightened Networks: Anglo-German Collaboration in Classical Scholarship 23 Heather Ellis Higher Education Reform and the German Model: A Victorian Discourse 39 John R. Davis Part 2 Science and Society 63 Intersecting Anglo-German Networks in Popular Science and their Functions in the Late Nineteenth Century 65 Angela Schwarz German Methods, English Morals: Physiological Networks and the Question of Callousness, c. 1870–81 84 Rob Boddice part 3 Colonial Contexts 103 Anglo-German Networks of Antarctic Exploration around 1900 105 Pascal Schillings Anglo-German Anthropology in the Malay Archipelago, 1869–1910: Adolf Bernhard Meyer, Alfred Russel Wallace and A.C. Haddon 126 Hilary Howes vi contents Part 4 Institutions and Identities 147 Wissenschaft des Judentums and Jewish Cultural Transfer in Nineteenth-Century Anglo-German Networks 149 Gregor Pelger “Intercourse with Foreign Philosophers”: Anglo-German Collaboration and the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1870–1914 176 Heather Ellis PART 5 War and Peace 195 Idealism as Transnational War Philosophy, 1914–1918 197 Peter Hoeres Rekindling Contact: Anglo-German Academic Exchange after the First World War 212 Tara Windsor Index of Personal Names 233 List of Illustrations FIGURE Caption 1 Portrait of Adolf Bernhard Meyer, founder and director of the Royal Zoological and Anthropological-Ethnographic Museum in Dresden, 1875 to 1905. Reproduction courtesy of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden (SKD), Völkerkundemuseum Herrnhut (VMH). 127 2 Map of maritime Southeast Asia and New Guinea. Courtesy of Karina Pelling, CartoGIS, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University 129 List of Contributors Rob Boddice (Ph.D History, University of York) is a faculty member of the Friedrich- Meinecke-Institut, Freie Universität Berlin and a visiting fellow of the Centre for the History of Emotions, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin. He is currently working on ‘The Science of Sympathy: Morality, Evolution and Victorian Civilisation’, a project funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. His principal publications include the monograph A History of Attitudes and Behaviours toward Animals in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-century Britain (Lewiston, n.y. 2009), and the edited volumes Anthropocentrism: Humans, Animals, Environments (Leiden and Boston 2011) and Pain and Emotion in Modern History (Houndmills, forthcoming). John R. Davis is Professor of History and International Relations at Kingston University, England. He was educated at Aberdeen University and Glasgow University in Scotland. He is the author of Britain and the German Zollverein, The Great Exhibition, and The Victorians and Germany, as well as many edited volumes and articles. He has published widely on British, German and European history and in particular on aspects of Anglo-German relations. He is cur- rently researching the history of German commercial integration in the nineteenth century. Heather Ellis is Senior Lecturer in History of Education at Liverpool Hope University. She is the author of Generational Conflict and University Reform: Oxford in the Age of Revolution (Leiden and Boston 2012) and editor of Juvenile Delinquency 1850–2000: East-West Perspectives (Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming, 2014). She has published widely on the history of higher education in eighteenth and nineteenth-century Britain and Germany, schooling, juvenile crime and the reception of classical culture. She is currently working on a project entitled ‘Masculinity and Science in Britain, 1831–1939’ which will result in a second monograph with Palgrave Macmillan in 2015. Peter Hoeres is Professor of Modern History at the University of Würzburg. His teaching and research activities include media, international and intellectual history. Currently, he is preparing a project about the neo-conservatives in the 1980s list of contributors ix in a transnational perspective and a history of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Among his publications are Krieg der Philosophen. Die deutsche und die britische Philosophie im Ersten Weltkrieg (Paderborn 2004) and Außenpolitik und Öffentlichkeit. Massenmedien, Meinungsforschung und Arkanpolitik in den deutsch-amerikanischen Beziehungen von Erhard bis Brandt (Munich 2013). Hilary Howes gained a PhD from the Australian National University in 2011 for her thesis entitled “ ‘The Race Question in Oceania’: A.B. Meyer and Otto Finsch between metropolitan theory and field experience, 1865–1914”. Since leaving the anu, Hilary has lived in Germany and works as Executive Assistant to the Australian Ambassador in Berlin. She is currently converting her PhD thesis into a monograph which has been accepted for publication in the series Germanica Pacifica by the publishers Peter Lang GmbH. Ulrike Kirchberger Dr. phil. habil. teaches modern history at the University of Kassel. Her main research interests lie in the field of colonial and global history from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. She has written on the overseas interests of German migrants in mid-nineteenth century Britain and, in particular, on the role of German scientists in the context of British colonial expansion. Her most important publications are Aspekte deutsch-britischer Expansion: Die Überseeinteressen der deutschen Migranten in Großbritannien in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts (Stuttgart 1999) and Konversion zur Moderne? Die britische Indianermission in der atlantischen Welt des 18. Jahrhunderts (Wiesbaden 2008). Her current research deals with cultures of time in the Atlantic world, 1760–1830. Gregor Pelger studied history, German literature and language, and Jewish studies in Trier, Cologne, Dublin and Oxford. He was as a research assistant at the University of Cologne and the Salomon Ludwig Steinheim-Institut for German-Jewish History in Duisburg. In his research, he focuses on modern intellectual history and Jewish history, in particular. In 2009, his PhD thesis was published as Wissenschaft des Judentums und englische Bibliotheken. Zur Geschichte historischer Philologie im 19. Jahrhundert.