www.defra.gov.uk Zoos Expert Committee Handbook November 2012 Zoos Expert Committee Handbook © Crown copyright 2012 You may re-use this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or e-mail: [email protected] This document/publication is also available on our website at: www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-pets/zoos/ Any enquiries regarding this document/publication should be sent to us at: Zoos Branch, Wildlife Species Conservation Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Zone 1/14b Temple Quay House 2 The Square Temple Quay Bristol BS1 6EB Telephone: 0117 372 3606 Email: [email protected] PB13815 Zoos Expert Committee Handbook Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 Background to zoo legislation ............................................................................. 2 What is the Zoo Licensing Act? ........................................................................................ 2 How does the Zoo Licensing Act work? ........................................................................... 2 What does the Zoo Licensing Act cover? ......................................................................... 2 EC Zoos Directive ............................................................................................................ 3 Zoo licensing and the Animal Welfare Act ........................................................................ 3 Chapter 2 The ethical review process .................................................................................. 4 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 4 2. Background ............................................................................................................ 4 3. What is the ethical review process? ........................................................................ 4 4. How to undertake an ethical review ........................................................................ 6 5. Concerns the ethics committee might be expected to address ............................. 11 6. Feedback and review of the ethical review process .............................................. 12 Appendix 1 Ethics, species conservation and animal welfare ............................................ 13 Appendix 2 Examples from Edinburgh Zoo ........................................................................ 16 Appendix 3 Organizations/sources that may be able to provide information...................... 20 Chapter 3 Conservation education and research ............................................................... 23 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... 23 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 25 2. Conservation......................................................................................................... 27 3. Education .............................................................................................................. 40 4. Research .............................................................................................................. 52 Appendix 1 Convention on biological diversity ................................................................... 61 Zoos Expert Committee Handbook Appendix 2 Managed breeding programmes ..................................................................... 64 Appendix 3 Education theory ............................................................................................. 74 Annex on guidance on the Zoo Licensing Act’s requirement for zoos to participate in conservation measures ...................................................................................................... 79 Annex to guidance on the Zoo Licensing Act’s requirement for participation in ‘education and public awareness’ ....................................................................................................... 88 Checklist guidance on the Zoo Licensing Act’s requirement for zoos to promote public awareness and education in relation to conservation of biodiversity ................................. 97 Chapter 4 Animal Welfare and its assessment in zoos .................................................... 104 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... 104 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 105 2. The 'toolbox' of welfare assessment methods .................................................... 114 3. The roles of zoo staff in the management of animal welfare ............................... 139 4. The role of the zoo inspectorate in animal welfare .............................................. 143 5. Education and Staff training ................................................................................ 144 6. Recommendations for research .......................................................................... 144 7. Recommendations for the development of specific welfare codes ..................... 145 8. References ......................................................................................................... 146 9. Further reading ................................................................................................... 152 10. Useful Websites .................................................................................................. 153 Appendix 1 Example of animal welfare audit – Chester Zoo ............................................ 154 Appendix 2 Information on training available ................................................................... 156 Chapter 5 Veterinary services .......................................................................................... 157 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 157 2. Options for veterinary service in zoos ................................................................. 157 3. Areas of involvement .......................................................................................... 159 Zoos Expert Committee Handbook 4. Veterinary facilities in the zoo ............................................................................. 161 5. Post mortem arrangements ................................................................................ 162 6. Record keeping ................................................................................................... 163 Appendix 1 Legal aspects ................................................................................................ 165 Appendix 2 Sources of continuing professional development .......................................... 168 Chapter 6 Diving in zoos and aquariums ......................................................................... 169 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 169 2. Reasons for aquarium diving .............................................................................. 169 3. Dive teams .......................................................................................................... 170 4. Health and safety ................................................................................................ 173 5. Diving with animals ............................................................................................. 175 6. Communication ................................................................................................... 178 7. Record keeping ................................................................................................... 179 8. Equipment .......................................................................................................... 180 9. References ......................................................................................................... 181 Chapter 7 Managing zoonotic risk in zoos in the UK ....................................................... 182 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 182 2. Scope ................................................................................................................. 183 3. Legal framework ................................................................................................. 183 4. Risk assessment ................................................................................................. 186 5. Controlling the risks ............................................................................................ 190 Appendix 1 Monitoring and screening for disease ........................................................... 195 Appendix 2 Hand-washing – when, where, and how? ..................................................... 196 Appendix 3 Notifiable animal diseases ............................................................................ 199 Appendix