V. M. Kostiukevych MODELS OF FOOTBALL TACTICS a b d c Vinnytsia ▪ TVORY ▪ 2020 UDC 796.015.796.355 К 72 Recommended for publication by the Academic Council of Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky (pr. No. 6 dated 21/12/2018) Reviewers: V. N. Shamardin — director of the Licensing Center of the Football Federation of Ukraine, Doctor of Science in Physical Education and Sports, Professor. H. A. Lysenchuk — Football Chair Professor of the National University of Ukraine on Physical Education and Sport, Doctor of Science in Physical Education and Sports. E. Y. Doroshenko — Doctor of Science in Physical Education and Sports, Chair Professor of Physical Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine, Physical Education and Health of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. Kostiukevych V. М. К 72 Models of football tactics : a monograph / V. М. Kostiukevych. – Vinnytsia : LLC "TVORY", 2020. – 160 p. ISBN 978-966-949-293-7 The monograph presents the methods of control and analysis of competitive activity in football. Four tactical models of game by football teams are specified. The key parameters of technical and tactical activity by players of various playing roles are characterized. For coaches, players, teachers, graduates, postgraduates, research scientists. UDC 796.015.796.355 © Kostiukevych V. М., 2019 ISBN 978-966-949-293-7 © LLC "TVORY", 2020 Contents Preface .......................................................................................... 5 List of abbreviations .................................................................... 7 Designation of playing field zones ............................................... 7 CHAPTER 1. Evolution of the game tactics ............................... 8 1.1. General aspects of football tactics .................................. 8 1.2. Evolution of the football tactics .................................... 17 1.2.1. The naive football stage ....................................... 17 1.2.2. The romantic football stage .................................. 20 1.2.3. The rational football stage .................................... 25 1.2.4. The total (universal) football stage ........................ 28 Summary ........................................................................ 44 CHAPTER 2. Control of competitive activity in football ......... 46 2.1. Control and analysis of technical and tactical actions of players and a team ..................................................... 47 2.1.1. The integral estimation of players' TTA ............... 49 2.2. Movement control of football players ........................... 52 2.3. Control and analysis of football team attacks ............... 55 2.4. Expert evaluation of competitive activities of players and teams in football ...................................................... 60 Summary .............................................................................. 64 CHAPTER 3. Outcome analysis of the study of competitive activity of highly qualified players ......................................... 65 3.1. Model values of integral estimation of technical and tactical activity of highly qualified players performing different playing roles .................................................... 65 3.2. Indicators of technical and tactical activity of highly qualified players at the European Championship 2016 .. 73 3.3. Tactical aspects of highly qualified footballers' play .... 82 Summary ........................................................................ 87 3.4. Control and analysis of the goalkeeper's competitive activity in football .......................................................... 91 Summary ........................................................................ 99 CHAPTER 4. Tactical models of competitive activity in football .................................................................................. 100 4.1. The main aspects of the team's tactical training for the competition .................................................................. 104 4.2. Characteristics of tactical models of highly qualified football teams ............................................................... 109 Summary ............................................................................ 126 CHAPTER 5. Tactical models of teams' competitive activities at the 2018 World Cup .......................................................... 127 5.1. Qualitative indicators of penetrative attacks by national football teams ................................................. 127 5.2. Features of gaining the ball possession in different zones of the football field ............................................. 133 5.3. Characteristics of goals at the 2018 World Cup .......... 136 5.4. Individual indicators of technical and tactical activity of highly qualified players ........................................... 143 Summary ............................................................................ 146 References ................................................................................ 153 PREFACE The issue of effective management of competitive activity of a foot- ball team is the most important in the overall system of the players train- ing. Competitive activity is a kind of an exam on the results of which the athletes' level of training is estimated. To some extent the material presented in this monograph will provide an opportunity, on the one hand, to improve football experts’, especially coaches’ knowledge of the trends in football development, and, on the oth- er, to analyze competitive activity of the football team more specifically, taking into account the quantitative and qualitative indicators, which dis- play the essence of the football game. The monograph depicts the results of a long-term study of competi- tive activity of highly qualified players. It consists of five chapters, each of which presents the material characterizing the main objectives of the study dedicated to the problem of tactics of football teams play. The first chapter highlights the evolution of football tactics. The gen- eral aspects of the game are stated, and the retrospective analysis of four stages of football development, namely naive, romantic, rational and to- tal, is made. The second chapter presents the authorial methodology of control over the competitive activity in football both of players of different roles, and of the team on the whole. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of the results of the study of highly qualified players' competitive activity. Model values of inte- gral estimation of technical and tactical activity of players and teams are defined therein. The fourth chapter focuses on the tactical models of competitive ac- tivity in football. Among these are the four tactical models of play in football: TM A, TM B, TM C, TM D. In this chapter the main components of tactical models of competi- tive activity of highly qualified football teams are defined. 5 The fifth chapter provides the analyses of the competitive activities of the national football teams at the 2018 World Cup. The national teams play is characterized, depending on tactical models. The author will respectfully and gratefully accept all comments and suggestions on the problem under study. Author 6 List of abbreviations IE — integral estimation; CA — competitive activity; TTA — technical and tactical action; CCM — coordination complexity mode; HP — holding passes; DP — developing passes; AP — aggravating passes; TTS — technical and tactical skill. Designation of playing field zonesv А1 А11 B1 B11 C1 C11 D1 D11 А2 А22 B2 B22 C2 C22 D2 D22 А3 А33 B3 B33 C3 C33 D3 D33 А4 А44 B4 B44 C4 C44 D4 D44 7 CHAPTER 1 Evolution of the game tactics 1.1. General aspects of football tactics Management of competitive activity in football is based on such concepts as strategy, tactics, tactical training, system, style, rhythm, pace, combination, etc. G. D. Kachalin (1986), a well- known Soviet coach, describes a strategy as an integral part of sports, which subordinates its other parts — sports leadership, tactics, etc. It defines the main direction in the players' training, provides for the development of a plan for the distribution of forces on the long path of competitions and solution of a number of organizational tasks. Strategy is the most capacious concept in the system of train- ing and competitive activity of football players. Preparing for team competitions strategy includes the following managemental actions of a coaching staff: team building, physical and functional train- ing, game formation, determination of the lineup, determination of the starting eleven, the choice of tactics for each match, operative management of the game in the match. An effective solution to all these tasks enables us to talk about a strategically correct approach to the management of a football team. If a strategy is considered only in the competitive aspect, then first of all it is necessary to strategically correctly plan the com- petitive activity in the competition on the whole — in a short- term or a longer one, as an example, the national champion- ship. This raises the challenge of purposeful team preparation on the basis of the chosen strategy for every single game. For this the game tactics is needed. 8 Tactics is a part of a strategy, its subordinate and attendant. If a strategy presupposes achieving the ultimate goal, the tactics solves the problem of a single match (G. Kachalin, 1986). Football experts characterize tactics as the organization of the players'