Avem Dynamics presents Tempo Encore Tempo and Encore RESPONSE TO THE 2015-2016 AIAA UNDERGRADUATE TEAM AIRCRAFT DESIGN COMPETITION CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY, SAN LUIS OBISPO AEROSPACE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT AIRCRAFT DESIGN 2015-2016 Executive Summary Avem Dynamics is proud to present Tempo and Encore, the newest innovation in Light Sport Aircraft (LSA), a family of aerobatic aircraft in response to the 2016 Request for Proposal1 from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for the Undergraduate Team Aircraft Design Competition. As the LSA market continues to grow, the demand for high performing, aerobatic aircraft will skyrocket, creating the perfect market for a new company to enter. Avem Dynamics has designed a family of aerobatic aircraft that will be the newest sensation in LSA. Aerobatic performance is of the utmost importance to Avem Dynamics. Tempo provides the aerobatic performance that LSA pilots desire with a sleek, modern design that will catch the eye. With superior aerodynamic performance, an easily maintainable structure, and lowered manufacturing costs, Tempo is accessible to all different types of pilots. Encore is a two-seat trainer variant of Tempo, maintaining the same high performance aerodynamics as Tempo, while allowing for superior training capabilities. Due to the high level of commonality and similar handling qualities between Tempo and Encore, pilots will be able to use Encore as a trainer version of Tempo. Avem Dynamics is confident that this family of aerobatic aircraft will be profitable and desirable in the growing LSA market. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics i Avem Dynamics Team Brandon Baldovin Conner Brown Dana Clarke Aerodynamics Performance Aerodynamics AIAA: 513616 AIAA: 688244 AIAA: 688327 Matthew Teare James Walker Propulsion Alex Ziebart Mass Properties AIAA: 688324 Configuration AIAA: 688414 AIAA: 688325 Robert McDonald Aaron Drake Faculty Advisor Faculty Advisor AIAA: 171269 AIAA: 99736 Kelsey Belmont Dan Baifus Co-Lead, Controls Co-Lead, Configuration AIAA: 492250 AIAA: 688228 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ii Table of Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Requirements ............................................................................................................................................. 10 1.1.1 RFP Requirements ................................................................................................................................. 10 1.1.2 Derived Requirements ........................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Design Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2 Market Analysis .................................................................................................................................................. 13 3 Aerobatic Competition ........................................................................................................................................ 16 3.1 IAC Intermediate Category ........................................................................................................................ 17 3.2 Aerobatic Mission Profile .......................................................................................................................... 18 4 Aircraft Sizing..................................................................................................................................................... 19 4.1 Constraint Diagram .................................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Derived Maximum Lift Coefficient ........................................................................................................... 23 5 Configuration ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 5.1 Aesthetics ................................................................................................................................................... 24 5.2 Seating Configuration ................................................................................................................................ 25 5.3 Landing Gear .............................................................................................................................................. 26 5.3.1 Landing Gear Type ................................................................................................................................ 26 5.3.2 Landing Gear Placement ........................................................................................................................ 27 5.4 Inboard Profile ........................................................................................................................................... 28 6 Aerodynamics ..................................................................................................................................................... 30 6.1 Airfoil Selection ......................................................................................................................................... 31 6.2 Wing Design .............................................................................................................................................. 32 6.2.1 Wing Span ............................................................................................................................................. 33 6.2.2 Wing Taper ............................................................................................................................................ 35 6.3 Drag Estimation ......................................................................................................................................... 38 6.3.1 Drag Buildup Comparison ..................................................................................................................... 39 6.3.2 Drag Polar .............................................................................................................................................. 40 7 Propulsion ........................................................................................................................................................... 40 7.1 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 40 7.1.1 Fixed Pitch Propellers ............................................................................................................................ 41 7.2 Engine Trade Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 41 7.3 Engine Selection ........................................................................................................................................ 41 7.4 Propeller Matching ..................................................................................................................................... 42 7.4.1 Propeller Characteristics ........................................................................................................................ 42 7.4.2 Propeller Design Process ....................................................................................................................... 42 7.4.3 Propeller Performance ........................................................................................................................... 43 8 Structures ............................................................................................................................................................ 47 8.1 V-n Diagram .............................................................................................................................................. 47 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics iii 8.2 Spar Sizing ................................................................................................................................................. 49 8.3 Materials and Manufacturing ..................................................................................................................... 50 8.3.1 Material Selection .................................................................................................................................. 50 8.3.2 Manufacturing ........................................................................................................................................ 51 9 Mass Properties ................................................................................................................................................... 52 9.1 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 52 9.1.1 Wing ...................................................................................................................................................... 53 9.1.2 Empennage ...........................................................................................................................................