ZOONOSES MONITORING Romania TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS IN FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS AND FEEDINGSTUFFS including information on foodborne outbreaks, antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria and some pathogenic microbiological agents IN 2016 Romania - 2016 1 Romania - 2016 Report on trends and sources of zoonoses PREFACE This report is submitted to the European Commission in accordance with Article 9 of Council Directive 2003/99/ EC*. The information has also been forwarded to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The report contains information on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in Romania during the year 2016. The information covers the occurrence of these diseases and agents in animals, foodstuffs and in some cases also in feedingstuffs. In addition the report includes data on antimicrobial resistance in some zoonotic agents and indicator bacteria as well as information on epidemiological investigations of foodborne outbreaks. Complementary data on susceptible animal populations in the country is also given. The information given covers both zoonoses that are important for the public health in the whole European Union as well as zoonoses, which are relevant on the basis of the national epidemiological situation. The report describes the monitoring systems in place and the prevention and control strategies applied in the country. For some zoonoses this monitoring is based on legal requirements laid down by the European Union legislation, while for the other zoonoses national approaches are applied. The report presents the results of the examinations carried out in the reporting year. A national evaluation of the epidemiological situation, with special reference to trends and sources of zoonotic infections, is given. Whenever possible, the relevance of findings in foodstuffs and animals to zoonoses cases in humans is evaluated. The information covered by this report is used in the annual European Union Summary Reports on zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance that are published each year by EFSA. * Directive 2003/ 99/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2003 on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Decision 90/ 424/ EEC and repealing Council Directive 92/ 117/ EEC, OJ L 325, 17.11.2003, p. 31 Romania - 2016 2 List of Contents TEXTFORMS 3 1 ANIMAL POPULATIONS 3 3 1.1 Populations 3 1.1.1 Information on susceptible animal population 3 2 DISEASE STATUS 4 2.1 TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES 4 2.1.1 Mycobacterium in animals 4 2.1.1.1 Mycobacterium in animal - Cattle (bovine animals) - Farm - animal sample - Surveillance - Official sampling - Census 4 2.2 BRUCELLOSIS 5 2.2.1 Brucella in animals 5 2.2.1.1 Brucella in animal - Cattle (bovine animals) - Farm - animal sample - Surveillance - Official sampling - Census 5 3 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS 7 3.1 SALMONELLOSIS 7 3.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation 7 3.1.1.1 Salmonella spp., unspecified - general evaluation 7 3.1.2 Salmonella in foodstuffs 8 3.1.2.1 Salmonella spp., unspecified in food - Meat from bovine animals - food sample - Surveillance 8 3.1.2.2 Salmonella spp., unspecified in food - Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - food sample - Surveillance 11 3.1.2.3 Salmonella spp., unspecified in food - Meat from pig - food sample - Surveillance 14 3.1.2.4 Salmonella spp., unspecified in food - Meat from turkey - food sample - Surveillance 17 3.1.2.5 Salmonella spp., unspecified in food - Eggs - food sample - Surveillance 19 3.1.3 Salmonella in animals 21 3.1.3.1 Salmonella spp., unspecified in animal - Cattle (bovine animals) - animal sample - Survey 21 3.1.3.2 Salmonella spp., unspecified in animal - Goats - mixed herds - animal sample - Survey 22 3.1.3.3 Salmonella spp., unspecified in animal - Quails - animal sample - Survey 23 3.1.3.4 Salmonella spp., unspecified in animal - Sheep - mixed herds - animal sample - Survey 23 3.1.3.5 Salmonella in animal - Gallus gallus (fowl) - Farm - animal sample - Control and eradication programmes - Official and industry sampling - Census 24 3.1.3.6 Salmonella spp., unspecified in animal - Pigs - fattening pigs - animal sample - Survey 27 3.1.3.7 Salmonella in animal - Gallus gallus (fowl) - Farm - animal sample - Control and eradication programmes - Official and industry sampling - Census 28 3.2 LISTERIOSIS 33 3.2.1 Listeria in foodstuffs 33 3.2.1.1 L. monocytogenes in food - All foodstuffs - food sample - Surveillance 33 3.2.2 Listeria in animals 35 3.2.2.1 L. grayi in animal - Sheep - animal sample - organ/tissue - Survey 35 3.2.2.2 L. innocua in animal - Cattle (bovine animals) - animal sample - organ/tissue - Survey 35 3.2.2.3 L. innocua in animal - Sheep - animal sample - organ/tissue - Survey 35 3.2.2.4 L. monocytogenes in animal - Cattle (bovine animals) - animal sample - organ/tissue - Survey 35 3.2.2.5 L. monocytogenes in animal - Sheep - animal sample - organ/tissue - Survey 36 3.2.2.6 Listeria in animal - Cattle (bovine animals) - animal sample - organ/tissue - Survey 36 3.3 TRICHINELLOSIS 36 3.3.1 General evaluation of the national situation 36 3.3.1.1 Trichinella spp., unspecified - general evaluation 36 3.3.2 Trichinella in animals 37 3.3.2.1 Trichinella spp., unspecified in animal - Pigs - animal sample - organ/tissue - Surveillance 37 3.4 ECHINOCOCCOSIS 39 3.4.1 Echinococcus in animals 39 3.4.1.1 Echinococcus granulosus in animal - Cattle (bovine animals) - animal sample - organ/tissue - Survey 39 3.4.1.2 Echinococcus granulosus in animal - Pigs - animal sample - organ/tissue - Survey 39 3.4.1.3 Echinococcus in animal - Dogs - animal sample - organ/tissue - Survey 40 3.5 RABIES 40 3.5.1 General evaluation of the national situation 40 3.5.1.1 Lyssavirus (rabies) - general evaluation 40 3.5.2 Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals 41 3.5.2.1 EBLV-1 in animal - All animals - animal sample - brain - Survey 41 3.5.2.2 EBLV-1 in animal - Bats - wild - animal sample - brain - Survey 41 3.5.2.3 Lyssavirus (rabies) in animal - Dogs - animal sample - brain 42 3.6 Q-FEVER 44 3.6.1 General evaluation of the national situation 44 3.6.1.1 C. burnetii - general evaluation 44 3.7 TOXOPLASMA 45 3.7.1 Toxoplasma in animals 45 3.7.1.1 T. gondii in animal - Cats - animal sample - blood - Survey 45 3.7.1.2 T. gondii in animal - Sheep - animal sample - blood - Survey 45 3.7.1.3 Toxoplasma in animal - Dogs - animal sample - blood - Survey 45 3.8 VTEC 45 3.8.1 General evaluation of the national situation 45 3.8.1.1 Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) - general evaluation 45 4 ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS 47 4.1 SALMONELLOSIS 47 4.1.1 Salmonella in foodstuffs 47 4.1.1.1 Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp., unspecified Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) 47 4.1.2 Salmonella in animals 48 4.1.2.1 Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp., unspecified Gallus gallus (fowl) 48 4.1.2.2 Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp., unspecified Turkeys 49 4.2 CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 50 4.2.1 Campylobacter in animals 50 4.2.1.1 Antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni Gallus gallus (fowl) 50 4.2.1.2 Antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni Turkeys 51 4.3 ESCHERICHIA COLI, NON-PATHOGENIC 52 4.3.1 Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in foodstuffs 52 4.3.1.1 Antimicrobial resistance in E.coli, non-pathogenic, unspecified Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) 52 4.3.2 Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic in animals 54 4.3.2.1 Antimicrobial resistance in E.coli, non-pathogenic, unspecified Gallus gallus (fowl) 54 4.3.2.2 Antimicrobial resistance in E.coli, non-pathogenic, unspecified Turkeys 55 5 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS 58 5.1 CRONOBACTER 58 5.1.1 Cronobacter in foodstuffs 58 5.1.1.1 Cronobacter in food - All foodstuffs - food sample - Surveillance 58 5.2 HISTAMINE 59 5.2.1 Histamine in foodstuffs 59 5.2.1.1 Histamine in food - All foodstuffs - food sample - Surveillance 59 5.3 STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS 60 5.3.1 Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs 60 5.3.1.1 Staphylococcal enterotoxins in food - All foodstuffs - food sample - Surveillance 60 6 FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS 62 62 6.1 Outbreaks 62 6.1.1 Foodborne outbreaks 62 ANIMAL POPULATION TABLES 64 DISEASE STATUS TABLES FOR BRUCELLA 65 Bovine brucellosis in countries and regions that do not receive Community co-financing for eradication programme 65 Ovine or Caprine brucellosis in countries and regions that do not receive Community co-financing for eradication programme 67 DISEASE STATUS TABLES FOR MYCOBACTERIUM 69 Bovine tuberculosis in countries and regions that do not receive Community co-financing for eradication programme 69 PREVALENCE TABLES 71 BRUCELLA 71 animal 71 CALICIVIRUS 72 food 72 CAMPYLOBACTER 73 animal 73 COXIELLA 75 animal 75 CRONOBACTER 76 food 76 ECHINOCOCCUS 77 animal 77 ESCHERICHIA COLI 79 food 79 FLAVIVIRUS 88 animal 88 HEPATITIS VIRUS 89 food 89 HISTAMINE 90 food 90 LISTERIA 92 animal 92 food 95 feed 106 LYSSAVIRUS 107 animal 107 SALMONELLA 113 animal 113 food 119 feed 142 STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS 147 food 147 TOXOPLASMA 149 animal 149 TRICHINELLA 150 animal 150 FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS TABLES 151 AMR TABLES FOR CAMPYLOBACTER 156 Campylobacter jejuni 156 Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring - Official sampling - AMR MON 156 N_A 156 Turkeys - fattening flocks - Slaughterhouse - Monitoring - Official sampling - AMR MON 157 N_A 157 AMR TABLES FOR SALMONELLA 158 Salmonella Agona 158 Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - Farm - Control and eradication programmes - Official sampling