6 TTrraannssppoorrtt 6.1 INTRODUCTION NCR Planning Board had prepared a Functional Plan on Transport for National Capital Region with perspective year 2032 which is an Integrated Multimodal Transport Plan (IMTP) for NCR. The Functional Plan was prepared after review of demand and supply of transport infrastructure in NCR. The Functional Plan was approved by the NCR Planning Board in November, 2009. The Plan recommended Integrated Multi-Modal Transportation System for NCR to improve the mobility of both people and goods. It also recommended systematic development of Transport System for fast and efficient movement of traffic, particularly for commuter traffic and to achieve sustainable development of the region. The Plan comprises following components: 1. Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) 7. Bus Terminals 2. New Rail Lines 8. Logistic Hubs 3. Regional Mass Rapid Transit System 9. Integrated Freight Complexes (MRTS) 4. Up-gradation of Roads 10. Highway Facilities Centres, and 5. Expressways 11. Airports 6. Bus Transport System The Plan was circulated for implementation to NCR participating State Governments in July 2010, February 2011 and December 2011. It was also circulated to Ministry of Railways and Ministry of Road Transport and Highways in February 2011 and in January 2012. 6.2 OBJECTIVES Objectives of the Transport Plan are: (i) to provide efficient and economic rail and road based transportation system (including mass transport systems) well integrated with the landuse patterns to support balanced regional development; (ii) to provide accessibility to all parts of the region and discourage transit of passengers and goods through the core area of NCT-Delhi by constructing Peripheral Expressways/ bypasses and thereby opening new areas for economic development; (iii) to provide suitable public transport system in NCR to shift people from private transport to public transport, and (iv) to reduce the vehicular air pollution. 6.3 EXISTING NCR TRANSPORT SYSTEM The transport system of NCR consists of a good road network and rail corridors catering to intra-city, inter-city commuters and long-distance traffic. The freight traffic is also substantial in the region which is mainly carried by road. NCR has a road network of about 36,305 km; a large bus fleet of 58,300 buses (registered in NCR), a rail network of more than 1000 km; and an International Airport at Delhi. 6.3.1 Road Network The existing road transport network is ‘radial’ in nature. It comprises Expressways, National Highways, State Highways, Major District Roads and Other District Roads. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways vide notification no. S.O.542(E) dated 05.03.2010 rationalized the numbering system of National Highways in India. The revised numbers as well as old number are given in following table. The old numbers of National Highways are popular and people can easily recognize. Therefore, old numbers 58 Regional Plan 2021 are used in this Chapter for further reference. The list of Expressways and National Highways in NCR is given in Table 6.1. Table 6.1: New and Old Numbers of National Highways in NCR S.No. Roads Name of Roads with old numbers of New Numbers of National Highways National Highways i. Expressways Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway - Noida-Greater Noida Expressway - Yamuna Expressway - ii. National Highways NH-1 : Delhi-Ambala NH-44 Converging to Delhi NH-2: Delhi-Agra NH-44 NH-8: Delhi-Jaipur NH-48 NH-10: Delhi-Hisar NH-9 NH-24: Delhi-Moradabad NH-9 iii. National Highways NH-58 : Delhi-Meerut NH-34 (Ghaziabad-Meerut) Converging to Ghaziabad NH-91: Delhi-Aligarh NH-34 (Ghaziabad-Bulandshahar) iv. Other National Highways in NH-71: Rohtak-Jhajjar-Bawal NH-352 NCR NH-71A:Rohtak-Gohana-Panipat NH-709 NH-71B: Rewari-Palwal NH-919 NH-119 : Meerut-Bijnor NH-34 NH-93 : Aligarh-Chandausi NH-509 NH-235:Meerut-Hapur-Bulandshahar NH-334 NH-236: Mehrauli-Gurgaon NH-236: Mehrauli-Gurgaon NH 11A: Pratapgarh-Gole Ka Bas NH-148 Source: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRT&H) Five National Highways converge to Delhi which also serve the daily inter-city commuters. The existing road network of NCR is shown in Map 6.1. Apart from these National Highways, a number of State Highways also strengthen the regional road network. In addition, Major District Road (MDR) and Other District Roads (ODR) act as important linkages to these highways. 6.3.1.1 Road Density The Sub-region wise road density in the NCR is presented in Table 6.2. Delhi has the highest road density of 2,103 km/100 sq.km followed by Haryana (59.30 km/100 sq.km). Rajasthan and UP Sub- regions have almost same road density of 51 km/100 sq.km. Table 6.2: Sub-Region Wise Road Density in NCR NCR National Highway State Highway MDR Sub-region Area Total Length Road Length Road Length Road Length Road (Sq. Km) (Km) Density (Km) Density (Km) Density (Km) Density Haryana 13413 7954 59.30 528 3.93 1448.2 10.79 580 4.32 UP 10853 5504 50.71 321.4 2.96 805.6 7.42 432.66 3.98 Rajasthan 7829 3976 50.79 35.3 0.45 1010.1 12.90 326.76 4.04 Total 32095 17434 54.32 884.70 2.76 3263.90 10.17 1339.42 4.14 Note: 1) Excludes NCTD 2) Does not includes ODRs & VRs. 3) Road Density in km per 100 sq. km of area. Source: Functional Plan on Transport for NCR-2032 Transport 59 NH-1 HA PUR Map 6.1 EXISTING ROAD NETWORK-2007 Map 6.1 60 Regional Plan 2021 Table 6.3 represents comparison of road density in NCR (excluding Delhi) with all India. It would be seen that density of National Highways (2.76) and State Highways (10.17) in NCR are much higher than the all India density of National Highways (1.99) and State Highways (4.19). But density of Major District Roads (MDR) in NCR (4.14) is much lower as compared to the all India density (14.23). Table 6.3: Comparison of Road Density in NCR and All India S. No. Category NCR All India 1. National Highways 2.76 1.99 2. State Highways 10.17 4.19 3. Major District Road 4.14 14.23 Source: Functional Plan on Transport for NCR-2032 Note: Road Density in km per 100 sq. km of area. 6.3.1.2 Transport Scenario in Delhi The vehicles in Delhi have grown at the rate of 7.41% per annum between 2003-04 and 2010-11 (Table 6.4). Number of private vehicles has increased substantially from 3.98 million to 6.52 million during that period. However, the growth rate of commercial vehicles (9.42%) is higher than the growth rate of private vehicles (7.29%). Table 6.4: Growth of Vehicles in Delhi S.No. Category of Vehicle No. of Vehicles (in Million) Annual Compound Growth 2003-04 2010-11 Rate 1. Private Vehicles 3.98 6.52 7.29% 2. Commercial Vehicles 0.22 0.42 9.42% Total 4.20 6.93 7.41% Source: Delhi Statistical Handbook, 2011 Figure 6.1: Vehicular Growth in Delhi (Category-wise) 4500000 The numbers of private vehicles (cars and two-wheelers) 4050000 have grown exponentially between 2003 and 2010 (Figure 3600000 6.1). 3150000 2700000 2250000 Figure 6.2 represents the increase in road network in Delhi. 1800000 Delhi had 1922 km of roads per 100 sq.km. area in 2001. 1350000 900000 The road network has increased from 28,508 km in 2000 to 450000 29,030 km in 2008, while the number of vehicles has 0 doubled from 33.7 lakh in 2000 to 63.0 lakh in 2008. This has resulted both in heavy traffic congestion and reduction Cars & Jeeps Two Wheelers All Others in vehicular speed. Source: Delhi Statistical Handbook, 2011 6.3.1.3 Volume to Capacity Ratio Figure 6.2: Increase in road network in Delhi Volume to Capacity Ratio (V/C) is a measure to evaluate the extent of utilization of road capacity. Ideally, it should be always less than 1. The V/C for design service volume for rural roads is 0.5 and for urban roads it is 0.7 as per IRC norms. Corrective measures are required when it exceeds the norms. The V/C Ratio assessed in NCR (excluding Delhi) for 2950 km of road network are presented in Table 6.5. It is observed that 31% of primary road network have V/C ratio more than 0.6, which is above the norms of V/C ratio of 0.5 for rural roads. Source: State of Environment Report for Delhi 2010 Transport 61 Table 6.5: Distribution of Road Length by V/C Ratio V/C Ratio Road Length %Age 0.001 - 0.3 779.30 26.42 0.3 - 0.6 1253.40 42.49 0.6 - 0.99 697.60 23.65 > 1 219.70 7.45 Total 2950.00 100.00 Source: Functional Plan on Transport for NCR-2032 As per the survey conducted by RITES for Government of NCT-Delhi in 2007, V/C ratio varied between 1.01 to 2.83 on major roads in Delhi, which is higher than 0.7 for urban roads. A table showing V/C ratio on some of the important roads in Delhi is given in Annexure 6/I. 6.3.1.4 Traffic and Travel Pattern In 2007, detailed traffic and transport surveys were conducted to prepare the Functional Plan on Transport for NCR-2032. Based on these surveys, it was observed that NCR is a high movement area with high intensity traffic of all types.