62 Possibility of using siğla tree (liquidAmbAr orientAlis mill. VAr orientAlis) storax as baCteriCide in the soaking float by eser eKe BaYraMoğlu Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Leather Engineering, 35100 BornoVa-İZMİr – tÜrKİYe AbstrAct resumen An .increasing .amount .of .research .work .has .been .directed .to . Un . creciente . volumen . de . trabajos . de . investigación . se . ha . limiting . the . use . of . synthetic . biocides . for . preventing . dirigido .a .limitar .el .uso .de .biocidas .sintéticos .para .prevenir . microorganism formation. on. finished. leather,. and. the. develop. la formación. de. microorganismos. en. el. cuero. acabado,. y. para. of .more .suitable .substitute .products . .Much .of .this .work .has . el . desarrollo . de . más . productos . de . sustitución . adecuados . been . directed . towards . the . protective . effects . of . natural . Gran .parte .de .este .trabajo .se .ha .orientado .hacia .los .efectos . bioactive . materials .1,2,3,4 . The . know . antibacterial . impact . of . protectores . de . materiales . naturales . bioactivos . El . efecto . storax . against . a . variety . of . bacteria . has . now . put . this . antibacteriano . conocido . del . storax . contra . una . variedad . de . technology . on . the . leather . industry . research . agenda . In . the . bacterias . ha . puesto . a . esta . tecnología . en . la . agenda . de . present . study, . Sığla . (Liquidambar orientalis Mill .var . investigación de. la. industria. de. cuero. .En . el. presente. estudio,. orientalis) .storax .was .investigated .for .antibacterial .activity . Sığla .(Liquidambar orientalis Mill .var .orientalis) .storax .fue . during .the .soaking .float . .In .this .investigation, .1% ., .2%, .5% . analizado por. su. actividad. antibacterial. en. el. baño. de. remojo. of . storax . and . 1% . essential . oil . of . Origanum onites mixed . En esta. investigación,. el. 1%,. 2%,. 5%. de. storax. más. el. 1%. de. with .the .storax .were .tested .for .their .antimicrobial .activity .in . aceite .esencial .de Origanum onites .mezclado .con .el .storax, . parallel . with . 50 . % . organosulfur . compound . as . commercial . fueron analizados. para. determinar. su. actividad. antimicrobiana. bactericides . commonly . used . in . the . leather . industry . The . en .paralelo .con .el .50% .de .un .compuesto .organosulfurados . results . showed . that . storax . has . an . antibacterial . effect . in . como . bactericidas . comerciales . de . uso . común . en . el . cuero . soaking . with . increasing . concentrating . rates . and . when . it . is . Los . resultados . mostraron . que . el . storax . tiene . un . efecto . mixed .with .the .oil .of .oregano, .the .bactericidal .activity .was . antibacteriano .en .el .remojo .con .el .aumento .de .las .tasas .de . increased . It . was . found . that . Sığla . Storax . contains . 1 .39% . concentración .y .cuando .se .mezcla .con .el .aceite .de .orégano, . essential . oils . and . styrene . accounts . for . 96 .55% . of . this . oil . la . actividad . bactericida . es . incrementada . Se . encontró . que . These .findings .suggested .Sığla .storax .and .oregano .essential . Sığla . Storax . contiene . aceites . esenciales . en . 1,39% . y . el . oil .has .synergic .effect .and .the .mixture .of .Sığla .storax .and . estireno conforma. un. 96,55%. de. este. aceite. .Estos . resultados. oregano .essential .oil .could .be .used .as .bactericidal .agents .in . sugieren . que . Sığla . Storax . y . el . aceite . esencial . de . orégano . leather .industry . tiene . un . efecto . sinérgico . y . la . mezcla . de . Sığla . storax . y . el . aceite . esencial . de . orégano . puede . utilizarse . como . agentes . bactericidas .en .la .industria .del .cuero . *Corresponding .author .e-mail: .eser .eke@ege .edu .tr Manuscript .received .July .9, .2009, .accepted .for .publication .October .11, .2009 JALCA, VOL. 105, 2010 63 soaKing With storax IntroductIon Storax .has .been .used .for .centuries .in .folk .medicine .for .the . treatment . of . some . skin . diseases, . diseases . of . respiratory . Soaking . is . the . first . process . of . rehydrating . and . cleaning . system and. as. a. neurotonic. drug. .9,10,12 Storax. has. antibacterial. hides . .Due .to .extended .times .in .soaking .periods .or .when .the . activity . and . the . most . sensitive . bacterium . to . storax . is . B. number .of .bacteria .with .proteolytic .activity .increases .very . cereus .and .for .this .reason .it .was .reported .that .Sığla .storax . much, . hides . and . skins . need . to . protection . against . bacterial . can . be . used . for . protection . against . bacteria . as . a . topical . attacks . Currently . synthetic . preserving . agents . are . used . for . antibacterial agents. in. some. cases. 13. The. researchers. reported. this .aim . .However, .the .bactericidal .agents .that .are .currently . that . Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, used .in .the .industry .are .generally .harmful .to .human .health . Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus and .nature, .and .their .use .has .been .either .restricted .or .banned . sphaericus, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus laterosporus, in .certain .countries . .For .example, .Pentachlorophenol .(PCP) . Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus has .been .banned .lately .due .to .its .toxicity .problems .despite . rubens, Kurthia variabilis, Pseudomonas aureginosa, the .fact .that .it .was .in .the .past .known .as .a .common .chemical . Staphylococcus . epidermidis, . and . Micrococcus candidus . widely .used .in .control .of .bacterial .and .fungal .contamination . were . isolated . from . the . raw . hide 14. Table . 1 . shows . the . in . leather . industry 5. The . use . of . polyhalogenated . phenolic . inhibitory . effect . of . sığla . storax . at . different . concentrations . compounds .( .TCP ./ .TBP) .has .also .been .restricted .in .certain . against .bacteria .and .the .bacteria .which .can .grow .in .leather . countries to. that. end. 6. In. addition. to. legal. restrictions,. leather. also .marked .13 .From .this .results .it .seems .that .storax .can .be . manufacturing companies. are. also. paying. a. great. attention. to. used .in .soaking .process .as .bactericidal .agents .and .this .study . eco . labeling . such . as . Blue . angel, . although . they . do . not . has .been .designed .accordingly . actually .imply .any .legal .restrictions . .According .to .the .most . recent .self .regulation .reported .in .the .Blue .Angel .(RAL .UZ . 117): . Low-emission . preserving . agents . for . upholstered . TABLE I furniture . must . only . be . used . for . intermediary . protection . Inhibitory effect of Sığla storax at during . transport . and . storage . and . the . applicable . threshold . values .for .finished .leathers .should .be .PCMC .< .600 .mg ./ .kg, . different concentrations against bacteria OIT <. 250. mg. /. kg. ,OPP. <. 1000. mg. /. kg. ,. TCMTB. <. 500. mg/. (diameter of inhabitation zone in mm)13 kg etc. 7. Although. every. company. is. allowed. to. determine. the. value on. its. own,. many. downstream. companies. such. as. those. Test Bacteria 10 1 0.4 0.2 0.1 in .the .automotive .industry .foresee .the .mentioned .threshold . Bacillus brevis* 12 — — — — values, .which .impels .the .entire .supply .chain .to .abide .by .the . Bacillus cereus* 16 13 — — — same .parameters . .For .this .reason .product .formulations .and . application . processes . are . under . continuing . development . Bacillus subtilis* 10 8 — — — Moreover .alternative .products .are .also .being .investigated . Corynebacterium xerosis 8 — — — — Enterobacter aerogenes 12 10 8 6 The. objective. of. this. study. is. to. determine. whether. the. 100%. Enterococcus faecalis 13 — — — — natural . products, . namely . Sığla . storax, . could . be . used . as . alternative . bactericides . in . the . leather . industry . In . this . Klebsiella pneumoniae 6 — — — — research, . oregano . essential . oil . is . also . used . because . it . has . Micrococcus luteus* 14 — — — — been .identified .as .an .effective .bactericidal .agent .in .soaking . Mycobacterium smegmatis 11 — — — — 1,3 process . This. study. aims. to. test. whether. oil. of. oregano. as. a. Proteus vulgaris 12 8 6 6 — synergic .impact .on .bacteria .together .with .storax . .Storax .was . Pseudomonas aeruginosa* 12 also tested. in. the. present. research. for. its. bactericidal. activities. — — — — against .a .commonly .used .antibacterial .agent . Pseudomonas fluorescens 11 9 — — — Staphylococcus aureus* 14 — — — — The . species . of . Liquidambar, . an . important . genus . of . - .not .detectable Hamamelidaceae . family, . are . known . for . their . balsamic . * .The .bacteria .isolated .from .hide .14 exudations . .Of .the .species, .Liquidambar .orientalis .Mill . .is .a . native . of . Asia . minor . and . has . a . local . distribution . in . the . southwestern .coastal .district .of .Türkiye, .especially .growing . in . Köyceğiz, . Fethiye . , . Marmaris . and . Ula .8,9 . The . balsam . experImentAl produced .by .injuring .of .the .trees .is .known .in .commerce .as . Levant . Storax . Balsam . production . from . the . living . trees . Materials and Methods requires .a .special .procedure .of .many .stages . .9,10 .Storax .is .a . Raw skin semi-solid, .sticky .material .characterized .by .a .balsamic .and . Native .brand .sheep .(salted-dry) .raw .skins .were .selected .for . styrene-like .odor;