SSUSH 13 & 14 Notes SSUSH13 : The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era Progressives: The ______________________________________ movement worked to better conditions for the urban poor through organizations such as the YMCA, Salvation Army, and settlement houses ___________________________ also played a role in the Progressive Movement with school becoming compulsory and used as a means of assimilating immigrants into American society ____________________________: writers and journalists who exposed all the evils of society Ida Tarbell: exposed corruption in the ______________________________________________ o 1911: Standard Oil broken up by the courts o A muckraker was a journalist who investigated political corruption and social conditions o Ida Tarbell focused on John Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Corporation Jane Adams and the Hull House: ______________________________: helped immigrants adjust to life in the American cities. Kind of like a community center. ____________________________________— founded the Hull House Women’s right to VOTE (suffrage) o ______________ Amendment Jane Addams founded the Hull House in Chicago in 1889 to provide immigrants with social and educational opportunities and training. It was one of the first “settlement houses” in the U.S. Women during the time period began to become involved in many reform efforts including education, prison, prohibition and women’s rights and suffrage Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP. “Jim Crow” laws o legal _________________________________ (separation) of the races o lasts until the 1960s Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) o Supreme Court case that established policy of “separate but ____________________________”, which meant segregation was legal. o Separate facilities for blacks and whites are okay as long as there are facilities for both. NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People o Founded in ________________to fight for social, political, and economic equality The Rise of Jim Crow & Plessy v. Ferguson o By the late 1800s individual states began to pass laws that limited the individual ______________________________ of African Americans o Voting rights were curtailed by using ______________taxes and enforcing grandfather clauses 1 o Jim Crow laws were laws that helped enforce segregation, first in the private sector, and then at the state level Plessy v. Ferguson o Plessy, an African American by state classification, challenged a law requiring him to ride in a separate railroad car o The case went to the Supreme Court where they ruled against Plessy o Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) legalized segregation and discrimination in the U.S. under the ________________________ but equal doctrine o *Plessy was 7/8ths white, but was still classified as “colored” under Louisiana State law* NAACP o National Association for the Advancement of Colored People o To promote equality of rights and to eradicate caste or race prejudice among the citizens of the United States o Co-founded by ___________________________________ on February 12,1909 o ________________________ individuals founded the group o Three of the original seven were white Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum; direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the poor in cities. Increasing Democracy people have the right to – o _____________________ – People can remove an official from office before their term is over o ____________ Amendment – Direct election of Senators (by the people) o Labor laws . Child labor, working conditions, compensation laws . Conditions for the Poor . Jacob Riis – wrote “How the Other Half Lives” – photo-journalism about urban ____________________________________ Other Progressive Reforms o A major focus of the Progressive Movement was political reform. To give power to the voters: o *_____________________________: allowed citizens to introduce legislation o *recall: allowed voters to remove elected officials through a special vote o *___________________________: allowed proposed legislation to be approved by voters o *direct election of senators: The 17th Amendment was passed in 1913 to give voters the power to elect senators directly in an attempt to prevent corruption Labor Laws o Progressives worked to end child labor o Factory and mine child workers made less than 60¢ for a 10-hour day o Progressives also fought for _______________________working conditions 2 President Theodore Roosevelt also began a Progressive _____________________________ movement, which conserved millions of acres of wilderness lands, particularly in western states. His efforts led to the establishment of a national park system that included Yosemite in California & Yellowstone in Wyoming. SSUSH 14.a: Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the west coast. Chinese immigrants were coming to the U.S. on the west coast (Angel Island). Worked on railroads and took lower wages for jobs. This created an anti-Asian sentiment among native-born Americans who feared that jobs would go to Chinese immigrants. In 1882, Congress passed the ________________________________, which banned all future immigration from China except students, teachers, tourists, merchants, & gov’t officials. Was not repealed until ____________________________ 14.b: Describe the Spanish-American War, the war in the Philippines, and the debate over American expansionism. Imperialism o Reasons for Imperialism . Business leaders and politicians believed the U.S. needed more ______________________________ for economic growth. Some believed the U.S. needed to expand to maintain and protect National Security. Cuban Revolution o 1895 - _____________________________ people rebelled against Spain. o Spain sent 150,000 troops to put down the rebellion. o Spanish concentration camps for Cubans bad conditions and death. Yellow Journalism o Use of ________________________________________ and exaggerated reporting by newspapers/magazines to attract readers. o Used to encourage U.S. to Support _____________________ in Cuban Revolution. U.S.S. Maine o U.S. Ship sent to Cuba during Cuban Revolution to safeguard American citizens and Property. o Blown up o Blamed on ____________________________ Spanish American War o War fought between U.S. and Spain in Cuba and the __________________________ o U.S. changes from Isolationist position to _____________________________position. Theodore Roosevelt “Rough Riders” o Won the Battle of _________________________________________ o Became National Hero o Later President of U.S. 3 SSUSH14.c: Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal. Theodore Roosevelt o Fought in the Spanish American War o Oversaw building of the ________________________________________ o Led the Rough Riders at the Battle of San Juan Hill o Issued the Roosevelt Corollary (an extension of the Monroe Doctrine) Preservation or Conservation of U.S. Natural resources. o _____________________________________ - 1823 . a U.S. doctrine which, on proclaimed that European powers should no longer Colonize or interfere with the affairs of the nations of the Americas. Roosevelt Corollary o Theodore Roosevelt announced an addition to the Monroe Doctrine. o He stated, in referring to South and Central America, that the United States had the ______________________and the ________________________ to intervene in the internal affairs of states in the Western hemisphere if they did not get their own affairs in order. Big Stick Diplomacy o Teddy Roosevelt’s new world diplomacy. “Speak softly and carry a ___________________________” o The Big Stick Represents the _________________________________ Rough Riders o Men recruited by Theodore Roosevelt (miners, ex-football players, cowboys) to fight in the Spanish American War. o Took San Juan Hill in Cuba Panama Canal o U.S. tried to buy Panama Canal area from Columbia. o Columbia ________________________________ to sell. o U.S. helped _______________________________revolt and overthrow Columbia. o Panama sales Canal area to U.S. 4 .