Jewish Languages In the Mediterranean and the Middle East: • Hebrew • Various Jewish forms of Aramaic and later several language varieties of Jewish Neo-Aramaic, used primarily by Kurdish Jews • Yevanic, Greek Koiné in its Jewish form used by Hellenistic Jews turned into Judeo-Greek many centuries later in the Balkans • Judeo-Arabic spread from the Arab peninsula in the 7th century ce to almost all Arabic-speaking areas and later several Judeo-Arabic language varieties • Berberic, Judeo-Berber in North Africa Judeo-Berber • Parsic, Judeo-Persian in Iran • Judeo-Kurdish with mixed Hebrew, Turkish, and Arabic elements In Central Asia: • Bukharic (some speakers call it Farsi), Judeo-Tajik in Bukhara, Uzbekistan • Gurjic, Judeo-Georgian in Georgia (southern Caucasus) • Juhuri, Judeo-Tat (or Judeo-Tatic of the Iranian family) in Daghestan (eastern and northern Caucasus) • Judeo-Crimchak (of the Turkic family), employed by Crimean Jews, both Rabbanite and Karaite In South Asia: • Jewish Malayalam in Kerala (southern India) In Christian Europe, from Latin: • Catalanic, Judeo-Catalan in Catalunia • Italkian, Judeo-Italian in Italy • Ladino (Jidyó, Judezmo, Spanyolit and additional names), Judeo-Spanish spread from the Iberian Peninsula to the Mediterranean (including Haketia, Moroccan Judeo-Spanish) • Portugesic, Judeo-Portuguese in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula • Shuadit, Judeo-Provençal in southern France • Zarphatic, Judeo-French in northern France • Judeo-Slavic in Slavic-speaking areas • Yiddish spread from the Rhineland to Eastern Europe and elsewhere (including Yédisch-Daïtsch, Judeo-Alsatian in Alsace) Critical Terms in Jewish “Newer” and recently developed Jewish languages: Language Studies: • Jewish Amharic in Israel Frankel Institute Annual • Jewish Dutch in the Netherlands 2011 was produced • Jewish English in English-speaking countries by Deborah Dash Moore • Jewish French in France with the assistance of • Jewish Polish in Poland Kimberly Kunoff. • Jewish Russian in Russia, Israel and Germany Edited by Joshua L. Miller • Jewish Latin American Spanish in Argentina, Mexico, and Anita Norich and other Spanish-speaking places Design: Hannah Smotrich/ compiled by Benjamin Hary side view 64.