ISSN 0898-6207 PRIMATE CONSERVATION The Journal of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Number 30 2016 Primate Conservation is produced and circulated courtesy of the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Conservation International, and the Department of Anatomical Sciences of the Stony Brook University, New York, USA. Primate Conservation The journal of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA ISSN 0898-6207 Abbreviation: Primate Conserv. Editors Russell A. Mittermeier, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA Anthony B. Rylands, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Chairman Russell A. Mittermeier, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA Deputy Chair Anthony B. Rylands, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA Vice Chair: Section on Great Apes – Elizabeth J. MacFie, Duns, Scotland, UK Deputy Vice Chair: Section on Great Apes – Serge A. Wich, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK Vice Chair: Section on Small Apes – Benjamin M. Rawson, Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge, UK Regional Vice Chairs – Neotropics Mesoamerica – Liliana Cortés-Ortiz, Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Andean Countries – Erwin Palacios, Conservation International Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Eckhard W. Heymann, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Göttingen, Germany Brazil and the Guianas – M. Cecília M. Kierulff, Instituto Pri-matas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil; Maurício Talebi, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil Regional Vice Chairs – Africa W. Scott McGraw, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; David N. M. Mbora, Whittier College, Whittier, California, USA; Janette Wallis, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA Regional Vice Chairs – Madagascar Christoph Schwitzer, Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol, UK; Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust – Madagascar Programme, Antananarivo, Madagascar Regional Vice Chairs – Asia Southeast Asia / Indochina – Jatna Supriatna, Conservation International Indonesia Program, Jakarta, Indonesia; Christian Roos, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Göttingen, Germany; Ramesh Boonratana, Mahidol University International College, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand South Asia – Sanjay Molur, Wildlife Information Liaison Development, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Layout: Kim Meek, Washington, DC, USA IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group logo courtesy of Stephen D. Nash, 2002. Front cover: Sheth’s dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus shethi sp. nov., from Andrafiamena (Anjakely), Antsiranana Province, Madagascar, described here by Cynthia L. Frasier and colleagues (see pages 59–72). Photograph by Richard Randriamampionona. This issue of Primate Conservation was kindly sponsored by the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Virginia, USA, and the Department of Anatomical Sciences of Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. Contents Neotropical Region Legal International Trade in Live Neotropical Primates Originating from South America ........................................................1 Marcos de Souza Fialho, Gabriela Ludwig and Mônica Mafra Valença-Montenegro Decline in Population Density and Group Size of Mona Monkeys in Grenada .............................................................................7 Noëlle Gunst, Aden M. Forteau, Shawn Philbert, Paul L. Vasey and Jean-Baptiste Leca First Record of Lagothrix flavicauda on the Eastern Side of the Río Huallaga: An Expansion of its Known Geographic Distribution ....................................................................................................................................................................15 Rolando Aquino, Elvis Charpentier, Gabriel García and Luís López Conservation Status and Threats to Atelids in the Northeastern Peruvian Amazon ..................................................................21 Rolando Aquino, Luís López, Gabriel García, Elvis Charpentier and Iris Arévalo Distribution and Current Status of the Peruvian Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda) in Montane Forests of the Región Huánuco, Peru ...............................................................................................................................................31 Rolando Aquino, Gabriel García and Elvis Charpentier Madagascar Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity in the Crowned Sifaka (Propithecus coronatus) in a Fragmented Landscape .....................39 Gabriele Maria Sgarlata, Jordi Salmona, Tojotanjona Patrick Razanaparany, Clément Joseph Rabarivola, Fabien Jan, Emmanuel Rasolondraibe, Nicole Volasoa Andriaholinirina, Sophie Lafosse, Lounès Chikhi, Franz Manni and Françoise Bayart A New Species of Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus medius Group) from the Ankarana and Andrafiamena-Andavakoera Massifs, Madagascar........................................................................................................................59 Cynthia L. Frasier, Runhua Lei, Adam T. McLain, Justin M. Taylor, Carolyn A. Bailey, Azure L. Ginter, Stephen D. Nash, Richard Randriamampionona, Colin P. Groves, Russell A. Mittermeier and Edward E. Louis Jr. Variation in Habitat and Behavior of the Northern Sportive Lemur (Lepilemur septentrionalis) at Montagne des Français, Madagascar .................................................................................................................................................................73 Mary P. Dinsmore, Edward E. Louis Jr., Daniel Randriamahazomanana, Ali Hachim, John R. Zaonarivelo and Karen B. Strier Going, Going, Gone… Is the Iconic Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta) Headed for Imminent Extirpation? ............................89 Lisa Gould and Michelle L. Sauther Africa Initiation of Genetic Demographic Monitoring of Bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Iyema, Lomako Forest, DRC ....................... 103 Colin M. Brand, Frances J. White, Monica L. Wakefield, Michel T. Waller, Maria Jose Ruiz-López and Nelson Ting Primate Conservation 2016 (30): 1–6 Legal International Trade in Live Neotropical Primates Originating from South America Marcos de Souza Fialho, Gabriela Ludwig and Mônica Mafra Valença-Montenegro Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros – CPB/ICMBio, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil Abstract: Neotropical primates have fascinated Europeans since they first arrived in the Americas. Trade, shipping the monkeys back to Europe, began in the 16th century, and continues today, sending them to countries worldwide for zoos, privately owned pets, and for research. In this study, we characterize the legal trade of Neotropical primates from South America, with particular emphasis on Brazil, as evidenced in the CITES Trade Database website. Taking into account wild animals between 1977 and 2013, there were nearly 1,300 transactions, over half of which (60%) were reported to be commercial. Imports by zoos (10%) and for scientific purposes (6.5%) involved almost 90,000 primates. Sixty-three countries imported Neotropical primates and, with the exception of Ecuador, all South American countries exported live animals. The individual contribution of different countries to the trade fluctuated over the years. Only eight species showed numbers superior to 1% of the total number of exported primates. Considering captive animals, there were nearly 300 transactions, involving 4,827 individuals, with a smaller number of species and exporters. The amount of traded primates is relevant and deserves monitoring. Nevertheless, we noticed a trend towards stabilization of the numbers of species and total numbers of exported individuals over the last decade. Key Words: Neotropical primates, CITES, legal trade, South America Introduction State decides that it will be bound by the provisions of CITES, it can ‘join’ the Convention by making a formal declaration Neotropical primates have fascinated Europeans since in writing to the Depositary Government (Switzerland). Once they first arrived in the Americas over 500 years ago. Mon- the document has been received, the Convention enters into keys were shipped backed to Europe mainly to serve as exotic force in 90 days. Each country that implements CITES is pets for the nobles (Fragaszy et al. 2004; Urbani 2007). There called a Party, and has to designate a Management Authority are records of primates being taken from northeastern Brazil and Scientific Authority to carry out the treaty. Collectively, to the European continent dating back to 1511 (Urbani 1999). the member countries to CITES are referred to as the Confer- This trade continues; countries worldwide import these ani- ence of the Parties. mals for zoos, privately owned exotic pets, and for scientific Currently there are 182 parties. The process of making research (Mack and Mittermeier 1984). a declaration to be bound by CITES is called ‘ratification,’ The 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endan- ‘acceptance,’ ‘approval’ or ‘accession.’ Ratification, accep- gered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) was drafted tance and approval are legally equivalent actions but are only as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of applicable in relation to the States that signed the Convention members of IUCN. The text was agreed at a meeting of rep- when it was open for signature (between 3 March