First Draft of the Integrated Energy and Climate Plan for the Period from 2021 to 2030 SECTION A: NATIONAL PLAN Table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 5 2. PLAN REVIEW AND ADOPTION PROCESS ................................... 6 2.1. Summary ............................................................................................................. 6 2.1.1. Political, economic, environmental and social context of the plan ............ 6 2.1.2. Strategy referring to the five dimensions of the Energy Union ................. 6 2.1.3. Tabular representation of key objectives, policies and measures of the plan ................................................................................................................ 7 2.2. Overview of the current state of policies ..............................................................11 2.2.1. The national energy system and the EU energy system and the context of the national plan policies ........................................................................11 2.2.2. Current energy and climate policies and measures relating to the five dimensions of the Energy Union .............................................................14 2.2.3. Key issues of cross-border significance ..................................................37 2.2.4. Administrative structures for the implementation of national energy and climate policies .......................................................................................37 2.3. Consultation and participation of national and EU entities and the outcome of consultation .........................................................................................................39 2.3.1. Participation of the Parliament ................................................................39 2.3.2. Participation of local and regional bodies ...............................................39 2.3.3. Consultation with stakeholders, including social partners, and inclusion of civil society .............................................................................................39 2.3.4. Consultations with other member states .................................................39 2.3.5. Iterative procedure with the European Commission ................................40 2.4. Regional cooperation on preparation of the plan .................................................40 2.4.1. Elements that are subject to joint or coordinated planning with other member states .......................................................................................40 2.4.2. Explanation as to how regional cooperation is being considered within the plan ........................................................................................................40 3. NATIONAL TARGETS .................................................................... 41 3.1. Dimension: decarbonization ................................................................................41 3.1.1. Emissions and elimination of greenhouse gases ....................................41 3.1.2. Renewable energy .................................................................................41 3.2. Dimension: energy efficiency ..............................................................................44 3.3. Dimension: energy security .................................................................................49 3.4. Dimension: the internal energy market ................................................................57 3.4.1. Electricity interconnection .......................................................................57 3.4.2. Energy transmission infrastructure .........................................................57 3.4.3. Market integration ...................................................................................59 2 3.4.4. Energy poverty .......................................................................................61 3.5. Dimension: research, innovation and competitiveness ........................................62 3.5.1. National goals and objectives for financing public and private research and innovation related to the Energy Union ...................................................62 3.5.2. National goals by 2050 relating to the promotion of clean energy technologies and development of low carbon technologies, including targets for the decarbonization of energy and carbon intensive industrial sectors and industrial sectors with a high carbon share and, where applicable, for carbon storage and transport infrastructure .....................63 3.5.3. National goals regarding competitiveness ..............................................64 4. POLICIES AND MEASURES .......................................................... 65 4.1. Dimension: decarbonization ................................................................................65 4.1.1. Emissions and elimination of greenhouse gases ....................................65 4.1.2. Renewable energy .................................................................................73 4.1.3. Other elements .......................................................................................76 4.2. Dimension: energy efficiency ..............................................................................80 4.3. Dimension: energy security .................................................................................92 4.4. Dimension: the internal energy market ................................................................94 4.4.1. Electricity infrastructure ..........................................................................94 4.4.2. Energy transmission infrastructure .........................................................94 4.4.3. Market integration ...................................................................................96 4.4.4. Energy poverty .......................................................................................97 4.5. Dimension: research, innovation and competitiveness ........................................98 4.5.1. Policies and measures related to the elements set out in 2.5. ................98 4.5.2. Collaboration with other Member States in this area, including information on how the objectives and policies of the Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET) are transferred to the national context ..........................................98 4.5.3. Financial measures in this area at national level, including EU support and the use of EU funds ................................................................................98 5. CURRENT SITUATION AND PROJECTIONS WITH EXISTING POLICIES AND MEASURES ........................................................ 100 5.1. Projected evolution of main exogenous factors influencing energy system and GHG emission developments ..................................................................................... 100 5.2. Dimension: decarbonization .............................................................................. 106 5.2.1. GHG emissions and removals .............................................................. 106 5.2.2. Energy from renewable sources ........................................................... 107 5.3. Dimension: energy efficiency ............................................................................ 110 5.4. Dimension: energy security ............................................................................... 113 5.5. Dimension: internal energy market .................................................................... 115 3 5.5.1. Power interconnectivity......................................................................... 115 5.5.2. Energy transmission infrastructure ....................................................... 116 5.5.3. Electricity and gas markets, energy prices............................................ 123 5.6. Dimension: research, innovation and competitiveness ...................................... 127 5.6.1. Current situation of low-carbon technologies and their position on the EU market .................................................................................................. 127 5.6.2. Current level of public and private research and innovation spending on low-carbon technologies, current number of patents and current number of researchers .......................................................................................... 128 6. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS OF PLANNED POLICIES AND MEASURES .................................................................................. 129 6.1. Impacts of planned policies and measures described in section 3 on energy system and greenhouse gas emissions and removals ................................................... 129 6.2. Macroeconomic and, to the extent feasible, the health, environmental, employment and education, skills and social impacts including the just transition aspects (in terms of costs and benefits as well as cost-effectiveness) of the planned policies and measures described in section 3 ................................................................ 133 6.3. Impacts of planned policies and measures described in section 3 on other Member States and regional cooperation ........................................................................ 133 7. REFERENCES .............................................................................. 134 8. LIST OF ANNEXES ...................................................................... 135 4 1. INTRODUCTION In