i:j:l~lBA 16: 209-217 ( 1996) Chinese J. Entomol. 16: 209-217 (1996) Antenna! Sensory Plaque Organs of the Delphacidae (Homo­ ptera:. Fulgoroidea) Hsien-Tzung Shih and Chung-Tu Yang* Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University,Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C. ABSTRACT Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the antennal sensory · plaque organs of 104 species in 81 genera of Delphacidae. The plaques have the same external morphology in all examined Delphacidae. Four types of sensory plaque organs are recognized based on the morphology of the denticle, and the evolutionary trends are proposed as Type 1-Type 2 -Type 3 and Type 1-Type 2- Type 4. Key words: Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Delphacidae, antennae, sensory plaque organs. Introduction the sensory plaque organs have structural variations in Delphacidae. Past investigations have suggested The objectives of this paper are to that the sensory plaque organs on fulgor­ describe the different -types of antennal oid antennae have strong variations sensory plaque organs in the Del­ occurring among or even within different phacidae, and to discuss their. diversity families (Marshall and Lewis, 1971; Bou­ and value for hypothesizing relationships rgoin and Deiss, 1994; Cheng and Yang, among different types. 1996). Therefore, these researchers be­ lieved that the sensory plaque organ Materials and Methods characteristics (e.g. morphology of the denticle or. plaque) have potential value The investigations were carried out for classification, and determining the on 104 species in 81 genera of Del­ phylogeny among the 20 Fu:lgoroidea phacidae by scanning electron microscopy families. Generic or fragmentary informa­ (see Table 1 for a list of taxa examined). tion on this topic has been furnished by All the examined specimens, including Marshall and Lewis (1971), Aljunid and males or females were placed in small Anderson (1983), and Bourgoin and Deiss vials containing 70 % ethanol where they (1994). Bourgoin and Deiss (1994) de­ remained for at least 1 h. Whole adults scribed that each denticle of the sensory became translucent in 10 %: KOH after 15 plaque organs in Sogatodes cubanus ( Cra­ min at 60 °C, after which their antennae wford) . was pyamidal. Up to now, there were removed in 70 % ethanol and cleaned has not been enough data to indicate that by sonification for about 15-20 sec. *Correspondence I reprint request address Antennal sensory organs of Delphacidae 209 Table 1. Sensor:z:: Eiague orli!ans of Del12hacidae. Subfamily Type SPO Denticle Plaque Species (number examined) (Subtype) No. Duam. (µm) No. No. Asiracinae Ugyops pelorus Fennah (1) 1(1) 30-33 32.5-51.0 9-15 21-51 Ugyops caelatus (White) (1) 1(1) 39-43 34.5-50.0 10-15 18-52 Ugyops tripunctatus Kato (4) 1(1) 56-61 41.0-53.2 12-19 20-46 Delphacinae Delphax pulchellas (Curtis) (2) 1(1) 33-40 37.0-55.4 8-14 52-70 Specineruures liguida Yang and Yang (2) 1(2) 7-10 10.8-20.0 3-6 6-12 Bambusiphaga taiwanensis (Muir) (10) 1(2) 11-14 14.5-25.3 4-7 6-16 Eoeurysa f/avocapitata Muir (3) 1(2) 12-15 18.9-29.9 4-6 13-27 Muellerianella breuipennis (Boheman) (3) 1(2) 13-15 20.8-34.8 5-10 8-36 Neometopina penghuensis Yang (2) 1(2) 14-16 28.9-34.6 6-7 18-30 Sogata hakonensis (Matsumura) (2) 1(2) 13-15 19.2-27.2 4-6 13-27 Stenocraninae Anypanconium auranitiacum Dlab. (2) 1(2) 13-15 24.6-30.6 6-7 11-20 Asiracinae ldiosystatus acutiusculus (Spinola) (3) 2 36-40 24.0-29.9 5-9 10-21 Asiracinae Asiraca clavicornis (Fabricius) (3) 3 18-23 32.4-54.4 10-15 18-35 Kelisiinae Anakelisia perspicillata CBoheman) (2) 4 13-16 26.4-31.2 6-10 14-23 Kelisia brucki Fieber (1) 4 16-19 23.5-:--30.5 7-8 16-24 Kelisia perrieri Ribaut (2) 4 16-19 30.3-33.8 6-9 15-19 Stenocraninae Stenocranus matsumurai Metcalf (2) 4 28-35 23.5-42.7 8-11 22-36 Stenocranus apamopsyche Kirkaldy (1) 4 27-30 25.6-36.7 6-9 17-28 Stenocranus longipennis (Cortis) (2) 4 19-23 23.8-31.7 6-9 15-32 Delphacinae Tsaurus dentatus Yang (1) 4 15 28.4-37.2 6-8 20-33 Vizcaya sp. (1) 4 68-70 29.6-65.2 9-13 16-31 Tropidocephala maculosa Mats. (3) 4 7-9 24.5-30.2 6-11 6-18 Chlorionidea bromi Emeljanov (2) 4 8-9 24.0-28.0 7-8 22-36 Formode/phax confusus Yang (2) 4 9 20.6-32.4 3-7 8-20 Epeurysa ramanei Asche (2) 4 9-10 17.5-28.2 5-6 9-14 Sacchatosydne ornitapennis Muir (2) 4 9-12 20.0-37.5 4-10 13-22 Malaxa herioca Yang (2) 4 10-11 22.7-28.0 5-9 12-24 Coronacella sinhalana (Kirk.) (2) 4 10-14 21.6-28.4 5-8 10-18 Formodelphax formodus Yang (1) 4 11-12 20.5-28.0 3-6 10-18 Proscopus tricoloratus (Dlab.) (3) 4 10-12 16.8-30.2 5-9 22-33 Saccharosydne procerus (Mats.) (2) 4 11-12 27.5-44.0 . 4-9 8-20 Thymalops anderida (Kirk.) (2) 4 11-13 17.5-19.2 5-8 12-22 Unkanodes sapporona (Mats.) (3) 4 11-13 25.7-33.6 8-10 16-27 Garaga nagaragawana Mats. (1) 4 11-12 21.6-30.5 6-9 25-30 Garaga orchidensis Yang (3) 4 11-13 23.8-32.8 6-8 23-32 Hagamiodes limosugs Yang (3) 4 12-14 17.2-20.7 5-7 10-20 Laodelphax straitellus (Fallen) (3) 4 12-15 20.0-26.7 5-8 22-32 Table 1 (Continued) Muellerianella extrusa (Scott) (2) 4 11 - 14 20.5 - 38.2 4- 9 15 - 38 Neoconon incensa Yang (2) 4 11-14 20.5 - 30.4 6-7 20-28 Nycheuma coronata Asche ( 1) 4 12 - 13 33.0-42.3 5- 10 5-48 Parametopina yushaniae Yang (3) 4 11-13 26.8 - 38.3 8-12 24-37 Sogatella furcifera (H orvath) (2) 4 12-13 23.6 - 32.8 8- 10 22-33 Smicrotatodelphax marilimus Yang ( 3) 4 12-14 9.1 - 22.3 5-8 8-18 Belocera sinensis Muir (2) 4 12-14 30.6- 40.2 7- 16 25-55 Smicrotatodelphax paupaucus Yang ( 1) 4 13-14 12.5 - 23.1 6-9 11-22 Cemus punctatus Yang (2) 4 10-13 22.7-38.5 6-9 15-36 Nycheuma coctum Yang (2) 4 12 -13 31.7-48.5 5- 10 12-36 Eoeurysa ribauti Lbg. (3) 4 12-14 19.5 - 46.7 5- 8 13 - 19 Falcotoya fo rmosana Yang (2) 4 13-14 14.6- 18.7 3-6 8- 28 Falcoto:ya shaluensis Yang (2) 4 13 - 14 12.7-21.5 4-8 14-26 Hyledelphax elegantulus ( Bohem) (2) 4 12-13 27.5 - 40.6 7- 9 30-38 Latistria eupompe (Kirk.) (2) 4 11-13 27.5- 31.2 7- 8 17-23 Numata corporaalli (Muir) (2) 4 U-13 17.1-30.5 5-9 12 - 28 Sardia rostrata Me l.ichar (2) 4 12-13 29.9 - 38.1 7- 9 >10 Sinolacme sinuosa Yang (3) 4 11 -15 25.9 - 30.1 5- 7 15-21 Thymobares longispinus (Muir) (2) 4 11 -13 23.4 - 42.3 7- 8 14-30 Eoeurysa lineata Melichar (3) 4 12-14 22.8 - 3!f.'1 7-10 13-19 Hadeodelphax pluto Kirk. (2) 4 12-14 28.2-36.6 6-9 18 - 36 Harmalia commelinage Yang (3) 4 14-:16 16.3-32.6 5-8 15-23 M uirodelphax anberi (Perr.) ( 3) 4 12 - 15 24.6- 38.7 7-11 21-37 Syndelphax disonymos (Kirk.) (1) 4 14 -15 32.8- 49.0 5-8 24 - 32 Tagosodes incanus (Distant) (2) 4 13-16 20.4-28.8 5-7 12-24 Terthron africanus Asche (1) 4 12-14 21.4-29.5 6-9 24-36 Terthron triandulum Asche (1) 4 11-14. 26.5-36.1 5-7 12 - 30 Toya lazulis (Kirk.) (2) 4 13 - 14 19.2-35.2 7-11 16-32 Triambus taiensis Asche (1) 4 13 - 14 14.1- 26.5 6-9 21 - 38 Dicranotropis hamata Bohem. ·( 1) 4 15 20.0-36.0 6-11 22-36 Toya fulua (Yang) (1) 4 15 28.4 - 38.5 7-12 21-32 Arcofaciel/a verrucosa Fennah (2) 4 12-16 23.1 - 28.8 7-10 13 - 22 Neoterthrona spinosa Ya ng (2) 4 13 - 15 20.0-28.7 5-8 13-25 Onidodelphax serratus Ya ng (2) 4 14-15 15.6 - 32.4 7-9 23 - 38 Opiconsiua albicollis (Motschulsky) (2) 4 14 - 15 18.9-34.4 5- 8 20-27 Spinidelphacella hargreauesi (Fabricius) (2) 4 13-16 23.7-36.0 6-9 20-33 Malaxa semifursca Yang and Yang (3) 4 14-16 25.4-30.6 7- 11 16-24 Taidelphax chishanensis Yang (3) 4 13-16 16.3-32.6 7- 9 16-23 Toya Zima Yang ( 4) 4 13-16 31.3-40.6 8-11 20-34 Yanunka incetta Yang (1) 4 16 20.0-30.5 4-8 17-25 Diodelphax obstipus Yang (3) 4 16 - 19 16.5-28.7 5-8 20-25 Harmalia heitensis (Mats.