:DOCUMENT RESUME _ 11. ED 247 766 FL 014 538 AUTHOR Dwyer, David J.; And Others TITLE A Learner Directed Approach to Lbrma: A Handbook on Communication and Culture with Dialogs, Texts, Cultural Notes, Exercises, Drills and_. Instructions. INSTITUTION Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. African Studies -Center. SPONS AGENCY Peace Corps, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 81 NOTE 355p.; For related document, set ED 227\691. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Guides-(For 'Teachers) (052) Guides ClasSroom Use MaterialS. (For Learner) (051) EDRS 'MF01/PC15 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *African Languages; Cultural Education; Dialects; Dialogs( Language); *Grammar; Independent Study; Instructional Materials) Introductory Courses; Oral Language; Pattern brills (LangUage); *Phonetics; - *Second Language I truction; Teaching Guides; Uncommonly Taught L'nguages; *Vocabulary Development IDENTIFIERS *Liberia; *Lorma; Peace Corps ABSTRACT. \i A combined teacher's manual and learner's manual for the Lorma language of Liberia presents materials for about 300 hours of study and is the equivalent of a/first-year college language . course. The basic text introduces 411 of the syntactid constructions of Loma that learners are likely to encounter in the language, and introduces 1,000 vocabulary items in the,most common usage. Each of the lessons has four sectivs: texts, grammar exercises and cultural .information, suggestions for independent study, and vocabulary...The text section includes mondlogues and dialogues., with word-by-word breakdowns of each sentence.. Receptive skills (listening and reading) are emphasized.-The section on grammar and culture gives explanations of Lorma linguistic forms and cultural facts. The independent study suggestions are directed to learners living in a Lorma speaking area, and take the learning situation out of the classroom' into the community. The vocabulary section contains words pertaining to the lesson topic. Notes on supplemeritary materials and Lorma dialects are included, and a reference section on Lorma, phonetics, grammar, lexicon,-and learning materials is appended. (MSE) *********************************************************************** t Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * ),-* from the.original document. ' *********************************************************************** 4 A Learner Directed Approachto 0 David J. Dwyer Pewu B. Bodegie James D. Bague 1:4 :t 0 O L A . U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION BEEN GRANTED BY OW; A JOAO'. ITT SOURCE'S IN ORMA T ION CENTER (ERIC) " Pus document has _Peen reptudood as It', i:),I 1,. pt, !M. Of1)10111/a 1.0. 10 lip rat. 44 Minor Ostio141vr, 1,,Ive hrnn trAt1P It, mit.gove peace C01) s 4 virotlei f.Mt RESOURCES Points 01 view of opin,oftatted in this CIO, tt TO THE EDUCATIONAL ,uppsero officuliME (ERIC).- mem do not of!,Pssdnly INFORMATION CENTER position or'PolicY 2 A Learner DirectedApproach/to LORMA s-P A HANDBOOK ON COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE WITH DIALOGS, TEXTS, CULTURAL NOTES, EXERCISES, DRILLS AND INSTRUCTIONS by, David j. Dwyer Pewu B. Bodegie James P. Bague ILLUSTRATEDI BY 40. 4f ANABEL L, DWYER Prepared for the United States Peace Corps k at the AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER' of MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY -4 1981 MTC, ilPr1ENDryl WM LAMM@®p' 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION How to UseThis Book;-Goals of the Book; 'The Organization of Lessons; Supplemental Materials; Dialects; Acknowledge- ments. LESSON I TEXTS 7 4U4 Commands; The Drilling Procedure; Additional Command Sets. GRAMMAR, EXERCISES AND CULTURAL NOTES 11 Hearing Lorma Vowels and.Consonants; Listening Identificationat Sentences;"The Definite Suffix; Cultural Note: Handshaking; Cultural Note: The Spelling of the Word Lorma.. SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 20 Using a Cassette Tape Recorder; Learning Vocabulary; Word Listings. VOCABULARY 23 4 LESSON II r TEXTS 25 su; Learning Responses; Learning Questions; Practicing Dialogs. .GRAMMAR, EXERCISES AND CULTURAL NOTES 31 Hearing Lorma.Vowels and Con'sonants; Culf4ral Note: Family TPrminurogy. SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 35 Additional DialOgs; Kin6hip. VOCABULARY 40 ,,111 4 LESSON III I. TEXTS 41 MinE yaa eziyii na?; Learningto Understand a New Text; Learning to Say a Text. 'GRAMMAR,EXERCISES ANb CULTURAL NOTES 49 Tone; Nasalized Vowels; Vowel Length; Cultural Note: Greetings. is SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 54 , # VOCABULARY 56' LESSON IV TEXTS 57 elee yaa na?; Learning a Dialog. GRAMMAR, EXERCISES AND CULTURAL .NOTES.-4" 62 Initial Consonant Change; The Changes; Chart of the Changes; Examples of the Changes;The. Conditions of Initial Consonant Change; Possession; Cultural Note:Two Types of You; Cultural Note: Two Types of We; Inalienable Possession; Cultural Note: Pointing; Cultural Note: Abstractions. SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 76 Family Terminology; Plural Possession; Children's Chant. VOCABULARY 77 0 MP. l'ESSON V TEXTS 79 Mn i6 yaa elii na?; Learning the Dialog. GRAMMAR, EXERCISES AND,CULTURAL NOTES 31 , Locative Sentences; Positional Phrases,The Present Progressive Verb Form. iv SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED'STUDY -96 Review; Writing Your Own.Dialog; Hiding Game. VOCABULARY., 91 LESSON VI TEXTS 93 GRAMMAR, EXERCISES AND CULTURAL NOTES \ 97 r- Objects of the Verb; EquationalSentences; The Verb Cioi; "eve X-ba 'and'; To',Understand;To Know; To Hear; Cultural Note: The Importance of Rice. e, SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY..., 104 Learning the Names of Foodstwffs. VOCABULARY ]09 LESSON VII TEXTS -.- 111 TLIwiLl34 Zce GRAMMAR: EXERCISES AND CULTURAL NOTES 116 Verb Forms; 'Past Tenses; Far Past; Negative- Pist; ThetVerb to 'be; Stative Sentences. SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 125 . Cooking Utensits;' How to Cook X. VOCABULARY 127 LESSON-VIII . 4 TEXTS 129 0- Lz6zayaT; Tevnaldkai. / V I GRAMMAR, EXERCISEkAND CULTURAL NOTES 134 The Number System; The Monetary System; Du de 'how much, how many'; Bargaining Dialog; Plurals. SUGGESTIONSTOR LEARNER INITIATED,STUDY 138 Marketing; Market Organiza(tion. VOCABULARY 139 LESSON IX TEXTS )141 131{; , GRAMMAR, EXERCISES AND CULTURAL NOTES 147 The Siople Future;-AlienAle Possession; the Tones of Alienable Possession; 'Bring, Carry,' Take, Give'; Cultural Note: Lorma Etiquette; Cultural Note: Two Cultures in One. SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 159 Pictur4 Exercises; Floor Plan of a House; -711." . Composition. VOCABULARY 160. LESSON X r. TEXTS a& 163 Fdlei; VOlace ya vaa lavc. GRAMMARI EXERCISES AND CULTURAL NOTES 169 ... Immediate Future; Storiq, Adverbials; V6166L, 'When';, 'Standing, Sitting, Hanging'; Modal Verb4 SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 176 Days of the Week; 'Yesterday and Tomorrow'; - Adding to Your List of Phrases; Compositions VOCABULARY T77 vi LESSON XI TEXTS 131 . StalogfizU; Gadzidkv, *Questions'; 0116 ya. gaa 1.46--v6"1itie?' GRAMMAR, EXERCISES AND CULTURAL NOTES 189, Modifying Adjectives; Demonstrative Pronouns; Numbers 11 tb 100; Cultural Note: Bargaining. SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY' 195 Counting; Cartography. VOCABULARY 196 LESSON XII TEXTS 197 Piwu Bi Bodegl GRAMMAR, EXERCISES, AND CULTURAL NOTES 200 The Present Perfect; To Begin To; The Tenseless Form; Already: woolaa saa; Conjunctions:. 'And, Or'; Word List: Emot.ons. SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNERNITIATEDSTUDY 209 Houseboys, Containers and Packaging. VOCABULARY 211 r LESSON XIII TEXTS 213 L33Ma2U1a1; Gaazayakc,. GRAMMAR, EXERCISES AND CULTURAL NOTES 221 The Comparative Construction; The Superlative Cogstruction; Compounding; Moreon Stative Coristru.ctions. SUGGESTION1JOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 227 Clothing; Language Cards; Observation; Composition. VOCABULARY 230 vii LESSON XIV TEXTS 233 GRAMMAR, EXERCISES AND CULTURAL NOTES 239 The Past Progressive and Perfect; The 92 Form; Questions; Health Questions; Cultural Note: Time. SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 253 Sentence Practice; Simulations., Dialog Writing; Cultural Events;.Agriculiural Chart; Flash Card Drill. VOCABULARYt , 255 LESSON XV .. TEXTS , . .257, Moteeziewofal; e'.Ge'66-13 napai a 1,06";ni3 GRAMMAR, EXERCISES'AND CULTURAL NOTES, 266 Pronouns; Verb lenses; Summary of the Verb Forms; The Expression of Time; Aspect; Word List: Geo- graphy; fjord List: Occupations; Word List: Politics. IA SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 276 Directions; Aspect; Vocabulary Study; CoMposition. VOCABULARY 279 LESSON XVI TEXTS 281 Gaazake evele GRAMMAR, EXERCISES AND CULTURAL NOTES 286 Emphasis; Vocabulary: Mental Acts; VoCabulary: Professional. 11 viii 9 p1 SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 290 . Learning Vocabulary; Composition; Translation Drill; Emphatic Search. VOCABULARY 292 A LESSON XVII TEXTS 293 Gdesalet6-,v(if' GRAMMAR, EXERCISES ND CULTURAL NOTES 300 Relative Clauses; Pseudorelative.Ciauses; Subject Pseudorelatives; Object Pseudo- relatives; Where Clauses; Vocabulary: Senses. SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 307 Relative Search; Picture Drill; Composition.; Vocabulary. VOCABULARY 309 LESSON XVIII TEXTS 311 Faawolozayagii GRAMMAR, EXERCISES AND CULTURAL NOTES 318 Verb Phrase Complements; Vocabulary: Language; Vocabulary: Probability. SUGGESTIONS FOR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 322 Vocabulary Drill; 'Picture Drill; Sentence Complement Search; Cultural Note: Folk Tales. VOCABULARY 324 LESSON XIX TEXTS 325 ix 10 GRAMMAR, EXERCISES AND CULTURAL NOTES 332 f Sentence Linkages Coordinate Constructions; . Vocabulary: Life; Vocabulary: Farm Terms.- SUGGESTIONS FR LEARNER INITIATED STUDY 337 Sentence Search; Picture Drills;Participant