Do Now!!! How do you think human beings would live if there were no farming? -- This means no crops, no pigs, cattle, chickens, or any other meat raised by farmers or ranchers. Unit 1.1 Paleolithic vs Neolithic Societies “Old Stone Age” Versus “New Stone Age” Video Understanding the Hunter-Gatherers They had no system of writing! This period of human existence is called “prehistory” because of this. -- No books -- No documents -- Nothing we can read before about 3000 B.C OLD STONE AGE = People during this period were Hunters and Gatherers! Roaming around, following animals to hunt and moving with climate seasons that provided things like berries and nuts. The Earliest Religions! -- Animism As far back as 100,000 years ago, archaeologists have found evidence that our ancestors buried their dead. Often the dead were buried with items like food, clothing, or jewelry! What do you think this suggests that these early humans believed??? An afterlife! Why else would they bury their dead with those kinds of items? A vast majority of human existence took place during the Paleolithic Age 2.6 million years ago to about 12,000 years ago. Stone Tool of Paleolithic Age Paleolithic Age /Old This little sliver on the Stone Age timeline represents the Began 2.6 Million years “Neolithic Age” up to today ago in terms of Human history. About 10,000 years ago Modern Humans or ‘Homo Sapiens’ first appeared around 250,000 to 100,000 years ago 2.6 Million Years ago Paleolithic vs Neolithic Old Vs New Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) •Means “Old” Stone Age •Hunter-Gatherers •Family Groups •Nomadic (Traveled) •Limited possessions •Merit based leadership, Neolithic (New Stone Age) elders •Egalitarian (equal) •Gender •Socio-economic Neolithic → New Stone Age ○Big difference → Agriculture How do we get to Agriculture? ○ Must DOMESTICATE plants & animals ○ Selective breeding for traits beneficial to humans (biological change) st ○ 1 → ○ Wild grains into wheat, barley ○ Goats, sheep, cattle “Selective Breeding” -- today!! “Selective Breeding” -- Today! ○ Areas of Independent Innovation Think - Pair - Share Activity 1) Take a few minutes to brainstorm and write down your thoughts about what human beings could do once they could farm instead of hunt and gather! 2) Then, get with a partner! Discuss your ideas together and come up with your best answers as a pair. 3) Finally, be ready to share with the class one idea that you’ve come up with! Impact! ○ Sedentary lifestyle → Stay in 1 place ○ Surplus → excess, leftovers ○ Agriculture produces more ○ Sedentary can accumulate stuff ○ Social Stratification → layers of society ○ Economic ○ Gender ○ Specialization → people could focus on 1 job b/c not everyone has to be farmer ○ Priest, Warrior, Potter, Healer, Political leader ○ Increases technological advancement! ○ Population density ○ Cities ○ disease Spread ○ In 10,000 B.C.E., nearly every human was a hunter-gatherer. By 1 C.E., most were either farmers or pastoralists (domesticated animal herder) ○ Spread through CULTURAL DIFFUSION → the spread of ideas, inventions, or other cultural elements from one society to another ○ Contact b/w groups or technology carried by nomads Paleolithic vs Neolithic Paleolithic •Old Stone Age •Hunter-Gatherers •Family Groups •Nomadic •Limited possessions •Merit based leadership, Neolithic elders •Egalitarian (equal) •Gender •Socio-economic Paleolithic Neolithic •New Stone Age •Old Stone Age •Agriculture •Hunter-Gatherers •Villages to cities •Family Groups •Sedentary (Permanent Paleolithic Age 2.5 •Nomadic (Traveled) homes) •Limited possessions •Material accumulation Million Years ago to •Merit based leadership, •Increased hereditary elders about 10,000 B.C!! leadership •Egalitarian (equal) •Social stratification •Gender •Gender stratification •Socio-economic •Epidemic disease Neolithic began about 10,000 Paleolithic vs Neolithic B.C Europe’s Oldest Mummy! “The Iceman” as he is nicknamed Lived about 3400 B.C (5400 years ago) Bleed to death Mummified by the cold temperatures (Not by other p Remaining Class Time or Homework Activities Almost every class day we will have time to complete the activities for that day. If you do not finish these activities during class time, they are homework! 1) Document Analysis Assignment! -Go to my website using a chromebook! -On the left side of the website, click on ‘Section 1 Early History: Foundations of your world.” - Then Click on “Unit 1: Early River Valley Civilizations.” -Click ‘Unit 1.1 paleolithic and Neolithic Link’ -Read the 3 short documents and answer the 3 questions on a separate sheet of paper! 2) Create vocabulary flashcards with the word and a picture of the word on one side and the definition on the opposite side with these eight words… 1) Social 2)Culture 3)Anthropology 4)Archaeology 5)Paleolithic 6) Neolithic 7)Domesticate 8) Hunter/Gatherer.