Sudan Academy of Sciences (S AS) Utilization of Nd -YAG (1064 nm) Laser for Female Hair Removal Ahlam Hassan Ahmed jli ^J-4^Jjl Aiil\ jMU Sudan Academy of Sciences (SAS) Atomic Energy Council Utilization of Nd -YAG (1064 nm) Laser for Female Hair Removal By Ahlam Hassan Ahmed B.Sc. Medical Physics, Alneelain University, 2005 A thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master in Medical Physics Supervisor: Dr. Abdelmoneim Mohamed Awadelgied May 2013 Utilization of Nd -YAG (1064 nm) Laser for Female Hair Removal Ahlam Hassan Ahmed Examination Committee Name Title Signature Prof. Farouk Idris Habbani External Examiner / aA \ * 7 •A fr • i Dr. Abdelmoneim Mohamed Supervisor *< Awadelgied i t \ Vv ' 1 \ V 1 \ “ Mr. Ammar Mohammed Academic Affairs — «r Elamin Representative Date of Exam: 30/06/2013 رؤ ﻗﺎل ﺗ ﻌ ﺎ ﻟ ﻰ ((ﺳﻨﺮﻳاﻬ ﻳﺎﻢﺗ ﻨﺎﻓﻲ ا ﻵﻓﺎ ق وﻓﻲ أﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﺣﺘﻳﺘ ﻰ ﺒﻟﻬﻴﻢﻦ أﻧ ﻪ اﻟ ﺤ ﻖ اوﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻒ ﺑﺮﺑﻚ اﻧﻪ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺊ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ)) ﺻﺪ اﻟق اﻠﻟ ﻪﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﻮرةﻓ ﺼﻠ ﺖ— اﻳ ﺔ رﻗﻢ ٣ ٥ Dedication To my parents Husband Family members Teachers And friends Who helped me a lot in my ,life work and career. II - I would like thanks Dr. Abdelmoneim Mohamedlgicd Awadc , Karary University& Institute o f laser -Sudan University o f Science and Technology. Wafa Salih , Institute o f laser -Sudan University o f Science and Technology for their great support throughout my study. - 1 would like to extent my great thanks to the staff of Medical Arms Service of laser especially fo r their work in the clinic. Lastly I would like to thank my family for their unlimited help. ui Contents Title page | » iii*• ! i «% 1 Dedication i n * * ♦ ♦ Acknowledgements in Contents iv i List of Figures vi i i List of Tables vi i |\ \i Abstract viii | i ____ ___ i1 Arabic Abstract ix 1 J Chapter One: Introduction 4 I 1.1 History of laser l I 1.2 Objective of study I I 1.3 previous study 2-12 i • Chapter Two: Theoretical Background ^l _ 2.1 Laser Radiation Properties I l 13 2.2 Basic Laser Components I3-14 2.3 Types of laser I4-15 i 1 2.4 Interaction of light with matter I5-17 2.5 Application of laser in medicine 18-19 2.6 Application of laser in dermatology " " 19 ’ 2.7 Skin anatomy 19-21 2.8 Uses of Laser in Dermatology 22-23 2.9 Laser safety 24-25 2.10 Laser radiation is dangerous to the eye and skin 25 i» i . *** ^ 2.11 Classification of laser 26-28 1 2.12 Laser tissue interaction 28-30 i 1-12-1 photochemical interactions 30-31 ; 1 1.12.2 thermal interactions 32-36 1 LI2.3 photo ablation 36-37 1 1 1 i IV 1.12.4 plasma-induced ablation 5 7 1.12.5 photo disruption ’ '"37-38 1.13 The hair removal ...... 38 1.13.1 Basic concepts ...... 38 1.13.2 Physiology of Hair 38-4! 1.13.3 Types of Facial Hair 41-42 Chapter Three: Materials and Methods " ' 43 3.1 The laser 43 3.2 The Patient 44 3.3 The patient records 44 3.4 Laser safety 44 i 3.5 Laser room precautions 44 j< J1 3.6 Optical hazards precautions 44 1 i 3.7 Procedure 44-45 1 |• | 3.8 Assessment i 45 i Chapter Four: Results and Discussion ir "46 , * 4.1 Introduction \ 46 1i 4.2 Sex 46 i 4.3 Age 46 i 4.4 The lesions 46 1✓ i, 4.5 Results |i 46 ■ hi * —<j; 4.5.1 Table of laser parameters 1 47 i 4.5.2 adverse squeal and complication 47 ~ _ _ _ _ i•i 1 4-6 General idea for hair removal IN ------ -—-——----------——------------------------------------- - . t | 4.7 ND-YAG laser &parameters 48 i j1 Chapter five : Conclusion and Recommendation 49 5.1 Conclusion 49 1 i 5.2 Recommendation ! 49 t References ' ' 5 0 : i Appendixes i 51-56 j v List o f Figures _________________________________ T it le ________________ Figure 1.1: High and low fluence hair removal (before treatment) Figure 1.2: High and low fluence hair removal (after treatment) Figure 2.1: Laser system structure Figure 2.2: Photon absorption Figure 2.3: Spontaneous emission Figure 2.4: Stimulated emission Figure 2.5: Skin cross-section Figure 2.6: Map of laser-tissue interactions. The circles give only a rough estimate of the associated laser parameters Figure 2.7: Scheme of photodynamic therapy Figure 2.8: Flow chart with important parameters for modelling thermal interaction Figure 2.9: Location of thermal effects inside biological tissue Figure 2.10: Experimental setup for laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy. Laser radiation is applied to the tissue through an optical fiber. The fiber is placed inside the tissue by means of a specially designed, transparent catheter. Tissue necrosis occurs in selected coagulated volumes only Figure 2.11: Scattering profiles of surface scatterer and volume scatterer, respectively Figure A: Hair removal of patint one, (a) before and (b) after treatment Figure B: Hair removal of patint two, (a) before and (b) after treatment Figure C: Hair removal of patint three, (a) before and (b) after treatment Figure D: Hair removal of patint four, (a) before and (b) after treatment Figure E: Hair removal of patint five, (a) before and (b) after treatment Figure F: Cutera. Inc, cool Glide 1064 nm laser List of Tables ________ T itle Table 2.1: Thermal Effects of Laser Table 4.1: The laser parameters vn A bs tract The Cutera. Inc, cool Glide system laser is along pulsed Nd-YAG 1064 nin. of energy density 25 to30 J/cm 2 and pulse duration 25ms in all individual sessions. This study was held in Medical Arms Service Hospital .The period of stud\ taken was three month. The study sample consisted of five patients Base line photographs were taken before treatments and also after treatments. Photos show the satisfactory results of the laser treatment. In this study the hair removal treat went was conducted for female middle age group of 25-40 years. The ND-YAG (1064nm) laser was found to be more effective in treatment of the hair removal, and complications can be minimized by using anesthesia and anti biotics. The Nd-YAG laser therapy should be considered as a good and dependable alternative to other treatment radiation techniques. And effectiveness of treatment can be increased by using optimum power and duration. VIII ﻣﻠﺨﴓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ND-YACi ﺫﻭ اﻟﺤﻮل ﺍﳕﻮ. ﺟﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ٠٦٤ ١ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻘﺪرة ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ (ه٢-٠)٣ﺟﻮل \ﰟ وزﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒ ﻀﺔ ﳖﺜﻨﺎ ﺍ ﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻧﻔﺘ ﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﲒﺭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ٥ ٢ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ. ﳕﺖ ﺍﻟ ﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺳ ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻼ ﺡ ﺍﻧﻄﱮ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﱼ ﺍﳉﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺭﺕ ﻓﱰﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺍ ﴲ ﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺘﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﴎ ﺽ ﻭﺍﻋﳣﺪﺕ ﻋﲎ ﺍﺧﺬ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ. ﺷﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ (ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻠ ﲒﺭ) ﳌ ﲨ ﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ ﺴﺎ ﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻣﺎﺑﲔ ٥ ٢ - ٠ ٤ ﺳﻨﺔ. ﳒ ﻬﺎ ﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻗﻲ ﺍ ﺯ ﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺛﺎﺭ ﺍ ﳉﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﲣﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﻣ ﻀﺎﺩﺍ ﺕ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ. ﺍ ﳒ ﻬﺎ ﺯ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﳝ ﻜ ﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺑﺎﻻﺷﻌﺔ٠ﻭﺍﺫﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻛﱶ ﲞﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻧﻌﻼ ﺡ Chapter one Introduction Overview LASER: "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation" "Light" is understood in a general sense of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength around 1 micron. Thus, one can have infrared, visible or ultraviolet lasers, j 1 | 1-1 History of lasers: 1917: Einstein formulated a theory of spontaneous emission, stimulated emission and absorption. 1954: Development of the maser by C.H. Townes. The maser is basically the same idea as the laser, only it works at microwave frequencies. 1958: Proposal by C.H. Townes and A.L. Schawlow that the maser concept could be extended to optical frequencies. 1960: T.H. Maiman at Hughes Laboratories reports the first laser: the pulsed ruby laser. 1961: The first continuous wave laser is reported (the helium neon laser, f 11 1.2 Objective of the study: The main objective of this study is the evaluation of utilization of ND-YAG laser (1064) nm on the hair removal for female to provide additional literature concerning the treatment of hair removal by ND-YAG laser, this in hope to be more efficient, less time consuming and avoiding or minimizing complication associated with other classical modes of treatment, because the growth of the hair on the female face (beard, mustache) it cause sicatric problem for them. 1 1.3 previous study: Maurice A. Adatto, M. D., Founder & Medical Director Skin pulse Dermatology. Laser & Beauty Centers, Geneva, Switzerland It. The Background Is general knowledge that laser with a wavelength of about 800 nm remove hair well using standard settings for pulse duration and energy density (tluence). Studies discuss the use of low tluence in hair removal with an 8 10-nm diode laser. Several passes are applied to the treated area. With this method, the amount of energy applied to each part of the treatment area cannot be specified and the exact interval between the laser pulses is unclear. However, the treatment with low fluenee and several passes is significantly less painful than regular hair removal with high iluence. No significant differences in effectiveness were observed when comparing both methods. A new diode laser system was recently introduced into the market. It automatically applies multiple low fluence laser pulses (sub-pulses) with defined intervals at the same spot.