THE INDEPENDENT COMMISSION REPORT #1 FINAL REPORT November 9, 2015 Independent Commission Investigation Submitted: November 9, 2015 Independent Commission Independent Commission President Members Richard W. Pound, Q.C., Ad. E Professor Richard H. McLaren Günter Younger, Kriminaldirektor WADA Investigations Jack Robertson Chief Investigations Officer Independent Commission Investigation Staff: David Tinsley, Martin Dubbey, Brian Talay, Nick Connon, Greg Kitsell, Gabriella Re Independent Commission Investigative Report Co-ordinator: Diana Tesic Table of Contents Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... i Glossary ..................................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Executive Summary ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background on WADA .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Creation and Terms of Reference of the Independent Commission .................................... 3 1.4 Brief Summary of the IC Investigation Methodology ............................................................. 4 1.5 Whistleblowers ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.6 Overall Outcomes of the IC Investigation ................................................................................. 9 1.7 Independent Commission Investigative Findings ................................................................. 10 1.7.1 Preamble ................................................................................................................................... 10 1.7.2 Specific Findings ..................................................................................................................... 12 1.8 IC Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 34 1.8.1 Preamble ................................................................................................................................... 34 1.8.2 Specific Recommendations .................................................................................................... 37 1.9 Other IC Observations ................................................................................................................. 48 Chapter 2: ARD Documentary ................................................................................................ 49 2.1 Background .................................................................................................................................... 49 2.2 Athlete Allegations ....................................................................................................................... 50 2.3 RUSADA ......................................................................................................................................... 52 2.4 Moscow Laboratory Issues .......................................................................................................... 53 2.5 International Doping Tests and Management ........................................................................ 53 2.6 International Association of Athletics Federations ................................................................ 53 2.7 Findings .......................................................................................................................................... 54 Chapter 3: Reactions to ARD Documentary ........................................................................ 55 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 55 3.2 General Impact .............................................................................................................................. 55 3.3 Russian Government Public Statements .................................................................................. 57 3.4 Public Statements by RUSADA ................................................................................................. 59 3.5 Public Statements by ARAF ........................................................................................................ 59 3.6 Public Statements by Russian National Olympic Committee ............................................. 61 3.7 Public Statements by IAAF ......................................................................................................... 62 3.8 Reactions from International Athletes ...................................................................................... 63 3.9 Early Statements “Absolving” Russia ....................................................................................... 63 3.10 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 64 Chapter 4: Background of the Independent Commission ................................................ 65 4.1 Purpose of the Inquiry and Scope of Mandate ....................................................................... 65 i 4.2 Challenges and Solutions – Vetting Team ............................................................................... 66 4.3 Investigative Methodology ......................................................................................................... 67 4.3.1 Corroboration .......................................................................................................................... 67 4.3.2 Data Protection – Secure Communications – Counter Measures .................................... 68 4.3.3 Techniques – Interviews – Evidence Collection – Cyber ................................................... 68 4.3.4 WADA Laboratory Experts ................................................................................................... 69 4.3.5 IAAF Specialists ...................................................................................................................... 69 4.4 Time Line ........................................................................................................................................ 70 4.5 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 70 Chapter 5: Sports Within National and International Contexts ...................................... 71 5.1 The Code ......................................................................................................................................... 75 5.2 National Identity ........................................................................................................................... 75 5.3 Bridging Cultures and Languages ............................................................................................. 76 5.4 Political Influence ......................................................................................................................... 76 5.5 National Power Influences in Sport .......................................................................................... 78 Chapter 6: Drug Testing in Competition and Training ..................................................... 80 6.1 Program Implementation ............................................................................................................. 81 Chapter 7: Performance Enhancing Drugs ........................................................................... 86 7.1 History and Performance Enhancing Drugs ............................................................................ 86 7.2 Doping Substances Ingestion Methods / Blood Infusions ................................................... 87 7.3 Adverse Effects on Athletes (Health and Safety Issues) ....................................................... 88 7.4 Drug “Code Names” and Terms ................................................................................................ 89 7.5 Adverse Effects on National Reputation .................................................................................. 90 7.6 Testing and Targeted Drugs ....................................................................................................... 91 7.7 Illicit Drug Manufacturing/ Drug Distributors (Gateway to Criminal Activity) ............. 91 Chapter 8: Accredited Laboratory Testing Facilities .......................................................... 93 Chapter 9: Athlete Compliance .............................................................................................. 97 9.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 97 9.2 Compliance with Independent Interviews .............................................................................. 98 9.3 Whereabouts .................................................................................................................................. 98 9.4 Investigations Regarding Whereabouts ..................................................................................