BULLETIN VOL. 29 NO. 2 29 NO. VOL. 2 IVORY IN CAMBODIA ONLINE WILDLIFE TRADE IN THE PHILIPPINES SUSTAINABLE HARVESTING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN VIET NAM OCTOBER 2017 OCTOBER MALAYSIA’S ROLE IN THE PANGOLIN TRADE The journal of the TRAFFIC network disseminates information on the trade in wild animal and plant resources Ü 75$)),&ZDVHVWDEOLVKHG LQWRSHUIRUPZKDW UHPDLQVDXQLTXHUROHDVD JOREDOVSHFLDOLVWOHDGLQJDQG VXSSRUWLQJH൵RUWVWRLGHQWLI\ DQGDGGUHVVFRQVHUYDWLRQ F FKDOOHQJHVDQGVROXWLRQV OLQNHGWRWUDGHLQZLOG JÜRGEN FREUND / WW animals and plants. TRAFFIC’s Vision is of a world in which trade in wild plants and animals is managed at sustainable levels without damaging the integrity RIHFRORJLFDOV\VWHPVDQGLQVXFKDPDQQHUWKDWLWPDNHVDVLJQLÀFDQWFRQWULEXWLRQWRKXPDQQHHGVVXSSRUWVORFDODQGQDWLRQDO economies and helps to motivate commitments to the conservation of wild species and their habitats. rade in wildlife is vital to meeting TRAFFIC is to seek and activate solutions to the problems the needs of a significant proport- created by illegal and/or unsustainable wildlife trade. Tion of the world’s popul ation. TRAFFIC’s aim is to encourage sustainability by providing Products derived from tens of thousands government, decision-makers, traders, businesses, consu- of species of plants and animals are mers and others with an interest in wildlife trade with traded and used for the purposes of, reliable information about trade volumes, trends, pathways among other things, medicine, food, and impacts, along with guidance on how to respond where fuel, building materials, clothing and trade is illegal or unsustainable. Five regional TRAFFIC ornament ation. offices are co-ordinated by the TRAFFIC headquarters in Cambridge, UK. Most of the trade is legal and much of it sustainable, but a significant proportion is TRAFFIC’s reports and advice provide a technical basis not. As well as threatening these resources, for the establishment of effective conservation policies unsustainable trade can also lead to and programmes to ensure that wildlife is maintained species declining in the wild to the point within sustainable levels and conducted according to that they are threatened with extinction. national and inter national laws and agreements. The Illegal trade undermines local, national journal of the TRAFFIC network, TRAFFIC Bulletin, is and international efforts to manage wild the only publication devoted exclusively to issues relating natural resources sustainably and causes to international trade in wild plants and animals. Provided massive economic losses. free of charge to over 4000 subscribers and freely available from the TRAFFIC website (www.traffic.org), it is a key TRAFFIC is a strategic alliance of WWF tool for disseminating knowledge of wildlife trade and an LIPPUNER WWF / MARTINA and IUCN, the International Union for important source of information for those in a position to Much of the content published in the Conservation of Nature. The role of effect change and improve awareness. TRAFFIC Bulletin arises from invest- igations carried out by TRAFFIC staff, whose wide-ranging expertise allows for a broad coverage of issues. TRAFFIC has also built up a global network of contacts with, for example, law enforcement agents, scientists, and wildlife experts, some of whom are regular contributors to the TRAFFIC Bulletin. TRAFFIC welcomes articles on the subject of wildlife trade that will bring new information to the attention of the wider public; guide lines are provided in this issue and online to assist in this process. For more information, please contact the editor: TRAFFICTRAFFIC BRENT STIRTON / GETTY IMAGES / WWF / GETTY STIRTON BRENT ROGER LEGUEN / WWF Kim Lochen ([email protected]). The TRAFFIC Bulletin is a publication of TRAFFIC, the wild life trade monitoring network, which is the leading non-governmental organization working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. TRAFFIC is a strategic alliance of WWF and IUCN. TRAFFIC The TRAFFIC Bulletin publishes information and original papers on the subject of trade in wild B U L L E T I N animals and plants, and strives to be a source of accurate and objective information. VOL. 29 NO. 2 OCTOBER 2017 The TRAFFIC Bulletin is available free of charge. Quotation of information appearing in the news and short reports sections is welcomed without permission, but citation must be given. Reprod uction of all other material appearing in the TRAFFIC Bulletin requires written permission from the publisher. CONTENTS MANAGING EDITOR Steven Broad news and Editorial • EDITOR and COMPILER Kim Lochen short reports Helmeted Hornbills • SUBSCRIPTIONS and MAILING Cambodia: ivory and rhino horn • Susan Vivian (E-mail: [email protected]) TCM substitutes for bear bile, Malaysia • 41–64 Sustainable wildlife management • The designations of geographical entities in Pangolin scales seizures, Malaysia • 80–84 MAPs in Viet Nam • this publication, and the presentation of the Online trade in birds and reptiles, Philippines • material, do not imply the expression of any Chi impact • opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or Wildlife for sale at Kyaiktiyo, Myanmar • its supporting organizations concern ing the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Any opinions expressed are those of the writers The market for elephant ivory in Cambodia and do not necessarily reflect those of TRAFFIC, feature WWF or IUCN. Trang Nguyen and Jackson L. Frechette 65–72 Published by TRAFFIC, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK. Copyright of material published in the TRAFFIC Bulletin is vested in TRAFFIC © TRAFFIC 2017. ISSN 0267-4297. UK Registered Charity No. 1076722 Cover photograph: African Elephant Loxodonta africana seizures and A selection of (© naturepl.com / Jeff Vanuga / WWF) prosecutions seizures and prosecutions that have recently Photographs this page, from top: taken place around Seizure of pangolin scales, Malaysia 73–79 the world (© Kanitha Krishnasamy); Carving ivory, Cambodia (© Trang Nguyen); Shark fins seized in Hong Kong (© Hong Kong Customs) Funding for the printing and distribution of this issue of the TRAFFIC Bulletin is generously provided by The Rufford Foundation. Funding to print and distribute future issues is being sought. Please visit http://www.traffic.org/donate/ if you can help. Printed by Portland Print, Kettering, Northants NN16 8UN, UK. TRAFFIC Bulletin 29(2) 1 November 2017 FINAL.indd 1 11/2/2017 1:21:23 PM E D I T O R I A L KH OLNHO\ IDLOXUH RI JOREDO H൵RUWV WR PHHW The former is critical, because the fact, too often lost the ambition of the Aichi biodiversity among the headlines nowadays, is that the majority of targets agreed by the vast majority of the wild-sourced animals and plants and their products in world’s governments in 2010 has long been world commerce today are legally traded, often without predicted. A prominent review, published in regulatory or other sustainability safeguards and with Tthe journal Science1 as early as late 2014, concluded that PLQLPDOEHQH¿WVÀRZLQJWRSHRSOHOLYLQJLQWKHDUHDVIURP “despite accelerating policy and management responses where wildlife is sourced. For much of this trade, involved WR WKH ELRGLYHUVLW\ FULVLV WKH LPSDFWV RI WKHVH H൵RUWV businesses and consumers are hardly aware that they are DUH XQOLNHO\ WR EH UHÀHFWHG LQ LPSURYHG WUHQGV LQ WKH using wildlife at all, never mind cognizant of the impacts state of biodiversity by 2020”, the agreed deadline for of their actions. There is enormous potential for rapid PRVWRIWKHWDUJHWVVHW$OUHDG\WKHUHLVDÀXUU\RILQWHU improvement in this situation through mobilization of governmental consideration and learned thought hoping innovative assessment and traceability tools that can drive to shape the post-2020 biodiversity conservation agenda. both conservation gain and positive impact on human 6XFK H൵RUWV FOHDUO\ KDYH VWUDWHJLF LPSRUWDQFH EXW WKH well-being. Moreover, promoting and using such systems ULVNLVWKDWWKHXQ¿QLVKHGEXVLQHVVRIWKHFXUUHQWGHFDGH is often in the direct interest of businesses using wildlife may be put aside while we plan what comes next. goods, whether this be wild plants used for herbal teas and cosmetics, timber used to make wooden furniture or marine species used in seafood products. 7KLUGSDUW\ FHUWL¿FDWLRQ RI VXVWDLQDELOLW\ DQG E D I T O R I A L related traceability systems are available through schemes such as the Marine Stewardship Council, An analysis by TRAFFIC in 2012 concluded that Forest Stewardship Council and FairWild. More creative action on the threats and opportunities arising from trade DQG ULJRURXV XVH RI WKH VXVWDLQDEOH WUDGH YHUL¿FDWLRQ in wild animals and plants would contribute to all but four framework that can be provided through CITES Appendix of the 20 Aichi targets. Indeed an enormous amount of II implementation, is eminently achievable. progress has been made over recent years: new regulatory By contrast, the challenges of wildlife trade crime have measures under the Convention on International Trade in been illuminated by an increasingly bright media spotlight (QGDQJHUHG6SHFLHVRI:LOG)DXQDDQG)ORUD &,7(6 over recent years. This has prompted much needed strong national actions in many countries around the attention by governments, international organizations ZRUOG UHDO SURJUHVV ZLWK VXVWDLQDELOLW\ VWDQGDUGV DQG and a wide range of implicated businesses, from airlines YROXQWDU\