The Use of Economic Water Allocation Models in Regional Planning – Tulkarm Governorate a case study By HALA BARHUMI (Registration#: 1095463) Supervisor: Dr. Rashed Al-Sa`ed January, 2015 The Use of Economic Water Allocation Models in Regional Planning – Tulkarm Governorate a case study By HALA BARHUMI (Registration #: 1095463) Supervisor: Dr. Rashed Al-Sa`ed This thesis was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master Degree in Water and Environmental Engineering from the Faculty of Graduate Studies at Birzeit University - Palestine January, 2015 II DEDICATION TO MY WONDERFUL SUPPORTING MOTHER TO MY FATHER'S SOUL TO MY SONS (AMEED & AMR) TO MY WONDERFUL BROTHER (IMAD) TO ALL OF MY FRIENDS MAY THIS THESIS ENLIGHTEN THEIR PATH TO MORE SUCCESS IV Acknowledgment I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Rashed Al-Saed, whose expertise, understanding, and patience, added considerably to my graduate experience. I would like to thank the other members of my committee, Dr. Nidal Mahmoud, and Dr. Ziad Al Mimi for their valuable suggestions and comments. A very special thank go out to Dr. Anan Jayyousi from the Water and Environment Studies Institute – An-Najah National University for taking time out from his busy schedule to serve as my external supervisor. I would like to express my deepest thank to Dr. Annette Huber -Lee, without whose motivation, encouragement, and assistance I would not have considered a Thesis in modeling. And also a great thank to Dr. Karen Assaf for her assistance and encourage. It was under her guidance that I developed a focus and became interested in the MYWAS model. I must also acknowledge Palestinian Water Authority especially Deeb Abdulghafour, Salam Abu Hantash, and Dr. Subhi Samhan for their assistance and help in providing me with the necessary data. I would also like to thank my family for the support they provided me through my entire life and in particular, I must acknowledge my mother and my wonderful brother and my best friends Beesan Shonnar and Samar Ibraheem without whose love, encouragement I would not have finished this thesis. Finally I would like to acknowledge the University of Karlsruhe (KIT) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for funding the Master work. V Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Research Questions ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Objectives .................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Methodology................................................................................................................................................ 3 Chapter 2: Literature Review ............................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Water Resources Management and Planning using DSS System ........................................................... 7 2.3 The Economics of Water ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.3.1 The Concept of Water Value ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 Shadow Values and Scarcity Rents ......................................................................................................... 10 2.4 MYWAS/WEAP Model Development ...................................................................................................... 11 2.4.1 WAS model ............................................................................................................................................. 11 2.4.2 MYWAS.................................................................................................................................................. 12 2.4.3 MYWAS/WEAP ..................................................................................................................................... 13 2.4.4 The Software ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 3: Study Area....................................................................................................................................... 16 3.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Soil and Geology ....................................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Social and Economic Characteristics of the Tulkarm Governorate ........................................................... 20 3.3.1 Demography ............................................................................................................................................ 20 3.3.2 Social and Economic Aspects ................................................................................................................. 20 3.4 Climate ...................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5 Water Resources ........................................................................................................................................ 23 3.5.1 Surface Water .......................................................................................................................................... 23 3.5.2 Groundwater ............................................................................................................................................ 24 3.6 Status of the Existing Infrastructure .......................................................................................................... 28 3.6.1 Status of the Water Networks .................................................................................................................. 28 3.6.2 Status of the Wastewater Networks ......................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 4: Description of MYWAS/WEAP Model as a Planning Tool ........................................................ 32 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 32 4.2 Model Concept .......................................................................................................................................... 32 4.3 Net Benefits of Water ................................................................................................................................ 35 4.4 Input Data Needed ..................................................................................................................................... 37 4.5 Demand Properties. ................................................................................................................................... 38 4.6 Water Supply Data ..................................................................................................................................... 40 4.7 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................................. 42 4.8 Cost ............................................................................................................................................................ 44 Chapter 5: Modeling of the Current Water Conditions in Tulkarm Governorate ...................................... 49 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 49 VI 5.2 Data for the Base Year Model (Current Account) ..................................................................................... 51 5.2.1 Demand Properties ........................................................................................................................... 51 5.2.2 Water Supply Data ........................................................................................................................... 53 5.2.3 Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................... 54 5.2.4 Cost .................................................................................................................................................. 56 Chapter Six: Future Proposed Scenarios and Management Options ............................................................ 60 6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 60 6.2 Future